Insertional Calcific Tendinopathy of the Achilles Tendon and Dysmetabolic Diseases: An Epidemiological Survey

VIa, Arion; Oliva, Francesco; Padulo, Johnny; Oliva, Gabriella; Maffulli, Nicola

doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000881

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…3 Graduate School of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China. 4 The First Clinical Medical School Of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of Achilles tendon pain is approximately 6% in the general population, and 24% of the people suffering from heel pain were diagnosed as insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) [2,3]. The incidence of IAT increases with age and is significantly higher in patients with metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypothyroidism) [4]. However, the exact etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonoperative treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Insertional Achilles tendinopathy is difficult to manage, and there is no definite consensus on which nonoperative treatment is superior over the others. We aim to provide a clear summary of the best available evidence for nonoperative treatment specific to insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Methods Literatures were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to October 2020. The results were evaluated independently by two reviewers and assessed against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. All included articles were assessed for methodological quality, and study characteristics were extracted. Results Twenty-three studies (containing 35 groups) were eligible for the final review. The treatments included eccentric training, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), injections, and combined treatment. Visual analog scale (VAS), Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire, AOFAS, satisfaction rate, and other scales were used to assess the clinical outcome. Conclusion Current evidence for nonoperative treatment specific for insertional Achilles tendinopathy favors ESWT or the combined treatment of ESWT plus eccentric exercises.

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Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonoperative treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…16,19 Although some studies have been conducted, k the association between dyslipidemia and AT or ATR is still inconclusive. Moreover, studies 3,13,21,22,29,33 vary greatly regarding which lipid profile was related to Achilles tendon disorders, although a positive association between dyslipidemia and AT or ATR has been reported. Gaida et al 13 reported that higher TG levels, lower HDL-C levels, and higher TG-to-HDL-C ratios were associated with midportion AT with insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To accurately determine the risk posed by dyslipidemia, it is necessary to adequately adjust for other confounding systemic factors. Most of the previous studies aimed at determining the impact of dyslipidemia on the risk of AT 2,3,13,17,29 or ATR 17,21,22,28,33 either had small cohorts or were case-control studies. Moreover, an association between body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia was not ascertained.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia Is Associated With Increased Risk of Achilles Tendon Disorders in Underweight Individuals to a Greater Extent Than Obese Individuals: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Longitudinal Cohort Study

Ahn

Kim

Kang

et al. 2021

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: The association between dyslipidemia and Achilles tendinopathy (AT) or Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) remains controversial, although some studies have examined this topic. Purpose: To evaluate the correlation of dyslipidemia and the risk of AT or ATR, and its association with body mass index (BMI), by assessing data from a nationwide population-based cohort. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We used the National Health Insurance database, which includes the entire population of the Republic of Korea, to evaluate participants in the National Health Screening Program between January 2009 and December 2010. Participants diagnosed with AT or ATR before December 31, 2017, were selected. The variables assessed were age, sex, frequency of high-intensity exercise per week, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and fasting blood glucose. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 16,830,532 participants were included. Of these, 125,814 and 31,424 participants developed AT and ATR, respectively. A higher level of LDL-C was associated with an increased risk of AT (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.16) and ATR (adjusted HR, 1.18). A slightly increased risk of AT was observed in participants with higher TG levels (adjusted HR, 1.03), whereas higher HDL-C level was associated with a slight risk reduction for AT (adjusted HR, 0.95). However, no significant association was observed between higher TG or HDL-C levels and ATR. In the underweight group (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), a higher LDL-C level was associated with an increased risk of AT and ATR by 37% and 116%, respectively, compared with lower LDL-C. Higher LDL-C level was associated with an increased risk of AT and ATR by 10% and 16%, respectively, in the obese group (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was related to the development of AT and ATR. The association of higher LDL-C levels with AT and ATR risk was more pronounced in underweight than in overweight and obese individuals.

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“…Calcific tendinopathy treatment: 23.3% of chronic IAT had calcification, especially in elderly patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.05). 5 It had resulted from the degenerative process of the tendon, whereas calcific tendinitis of shoulder occurs from calcium deposit by inflammatory processes, which can be resolved. 6 In most studies about extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in chronic IAT, the outcome measurements are pain relief and improvement of function.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response to “Letter Regarding: Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy”

Pinitkwamdee¹,

Laohajaroensombat²,

Orapin³

et al. 2021

Foot Ankle Int.

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Insertional Calcific Tendinopathy of the Achilles Tendon and Dysmetabolic Diseases: An Epidemiological Survey

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Nonoperative treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review

Nonoperative treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review

Dyslipidemia Is Associated With Increased Risk of Achilles Tendon Disorders in Underweight Individuals to a Greater Extent Than Obese Individuals: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Longitudinal Cohort Study

Response to “Letter Regarding: Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy”

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