Insectivorous activities of spiders in United States field crops

Nyffeler, Martin; Sterling, W. L.; Dean, David A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1994.tb00787.x

Cited by 57 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Depending on the abundance and functionality of taxa found within vineyards (Thomson and Hoffmann 2006b), groups including spiders, beetles, parasitoid Hymenoptera, and predatory flies were sorted to family (Mathews 1980-1997, CSIRO 1991, Hawkeswood 2003, Stevens et al 2007). All spiders are generally regarded to contribute to pest control (Nyffeler et al 1994, Greenstone 1999). The ground spiders were analyzed as five functional groups as well as being combined.…”

Section: Arthropod Censusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying signature of chemical applications on indigenous and invasive nontarget arthropod communities in vineyards

Nash¹,

Hoffmann²,

Thomson³

2010

Ecological Applications

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Communities of arthropods providing ecosystem services (e.g., pest control, pollination, and soil nutrient cycling) to agricultural production systems are influenced by pesticide inputs, yet the impact of pesticide applications on nontarget organisms is normally evaluated through standardized sets of laboratory tests involving individual pesticides applied to a few representative species. By combining season-long pesticide applications of various insecticides and fungicides into a metric based on the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) toxicity ratings, we evaluate season-long pesticide impacts on communities of indigenous and exotic arthropods across 61 vineyards assessed for an entire growing season. The composition of arthropod communities, identified mostly at the family level, but in some cases at the species level, was altered depending on season-long pesticide use. Numbers of mostly indigenous parasitoids, predatory mites, and coccinellids in the canopy, as well as carabid/tenebrionid beetles and some spider families on the ground, were decreased at higher cumulative pesticide metric scores. In contrast, numbers of one invasive millipede species (Ommatoiulus moreletti Lucas, Julida: Julidae) increased under higher cumulative pesticide metric scores. These changing community patterns were detected despite the absence of broad-spectrum insecticide applications in the vineyards. Pesticide effects were mostly due to indoxacarb and sulphur, applied as a fungicide. The reduction of beneficial arthropods and increase in an invasive herbivorous millipede under high cumulative pesticide metric scores highlights the need to manage nontarget season-long pesticide impacts in vineyards. A cumulative pesticide metric, based on IOBC toxicity ratings, provides a way of assessing overall toxicity effects, giving managers a means to estimate and consider potential negative season-long pesticide impacts on ecosystem services provided through arthropod communities.

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Section: Arthropod Censusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying signature of chemical applications on indigenous and invasive nontarget arthropod communities in vineyards

Nash¹,

Hoffmann²,

Thomson³

2010

Ecological Applications

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“…En este sentido, las arañas son muy importantes ya que, debido a su hábito depredador generalista, su abundancia y amplia distribución en el mundo (Adis y Harvey 2000), son las principales reguladoras de las poblaciones de insectos (Nyffeler et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Diversidad estacional de arañas en una reserva natural del Espinal en Corrientes, Argentina

Nadal¹,

Achitte-Schmutzler²,

Zanone³

et al. 2018

Caldasia

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Ecología Diversidad estacional de arañas en una reserva natural delEspinal en Corrientes, Argentina nadal@gmail.com* ceciliaachitte@hotmail.com, ivo.zanone@gmail.com, pamelagonzalez052@ gmail.com, gilbertoa@exa.unne.edu.ar *Autor para correspondencia. RESUMENEvaluar la diversidad de arañas es necesario para la conservación de la naturaleza ya que cumplen un rol importante en los ecosistemas como reguladoras de las poblaciones de insectos y son buenas indicadoras de calidad ambiental. La reserva contemplada en este estudio es singular dentro de la llanura del Espinal debido a sus afloramientos rocosos, que contienen una gran diversidad de especies, varias de ellas de carácter endémico. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron crear un inventario, describir la diversidad taxonómica y funcional del orden Araneae en bosques y pastizales en función de las estaciones climáticas. Los muestreos se realizaron mediante tamizado de hojarasca, golpeteo de follaje, aspirado de pastizal y captura directa nocturna. Para cada ambiente se calcularon índices de diversidad alfa y beta temporal y se probó el modelo de distribución de abundancia. Se identificaron 224 especies/ morfoespecies. Theridiidae fue la familia con mayor riqueza y el gremio Constructoras de Telas Orbiculares el más abundante. Los índices de diversidad, dominancia y equidad mostraron diferencias significativas entre las estaciones cálidas y frías para bosques y pastizales, la distribución de abundancia de las especies se ajustó al modelo de distribución log-normal y la similitud de especies entre estaciones no superó el 41 %. Los resultados de este estudio aportan datos preliminares sobre los patrones estacionales de la comunidad de Araneae. Se reportan nuevas especies de arañas para Argentina, muchas ellas con registros escasos y aislados en Sudamérica, así como especies de importancia ecológica.Palabras Clave. Arañas, comunidad, gremios, reserva privada, estaciones climáticas. ABSTRACTAssessing the spider's diversity is necessary for the conservation of nature since they play an important role in ecosystems as regulators of insect populations and are good indicators of environmental quality. The reserve contemplated in this study is unique within the Espinal's plain due to its rocky outcrops, which contain great species diversity, several of them endemic. The objectives of this work were to create an inventory, describe the taxonomic and functional diversity of the Araneae order in the reserve's forests and grasslands according to the climatic seasons. The samplings were carried out by leaf litter sieving, foliage beating, grassland aspirate and nocturnal direct capture. For each environment, alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated and the abundance distribution model was tested. In total 224 species/morphospecies were identified. Theridiidae was the richest family and the Orbicular Webs Builders guild was the most abundant. Diversity, dominance and equitability indices showed significant differences between warm and cold seasons for forests and grass...

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“…Las arañas constituyen uno de los principales grupos de la fauna de artrópodos en los sistemas agrícolas, que pueden alimentarse del 40 al 50% de la biomasa disponible de insectos, teniendo un papel importante en el control biológico de las especies que provocan daños en los cultivos de importancia económica (Riechert & Lockley 1984, Tarabaev & Sheykin 1990, Green 1996. Investigaciones en diversos agroecosistemas han demostrado que el impacto de la depredación colectiva de las arañas contribuye a disminuir los niveles de plagas en campos de cultivos (Riechert & Bishop 1990, Provencher & Riechert 1994, Nyffeler et al 1994, Riechert & Lawrence 1997, Nyffeler 1999, Symondson et al 2002. La estructura del hábitat es un factor determinante que mantiene distintas asociaciones de arañas y que resulta ser crítica al considerar la reducción de las poblaciones de insectos (Hatley & MacMahon 1980, Uetz 1991, Wise 1993, Pearce et al 2003.…”

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Comunidad de arañas (Arachnida, Araneae) del cultivo de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) en Buenos Aires, Argentina

Armendano¹,

González²

2009

RBT

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Spider community (Arachnida, Araneae) of alfalfa crops (Medicago sativa) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Over the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural enemies to control pest insects, including spiders. We studied a spider community in Argentina by sampling every two weeks during 2004-2006 in one-hectare lots. Soil stratum spiders were collected using nets and pitfall traps. A total of 6229 specimens were collected (15 families and 50 species). Seven families were found in the herbal stratum, the most abundant were Thomisidae (n=2012, 32.30%), Araneidae (n=1516, 24.33%) and Oxyopidae (n=604, 9.70%). The soil had 14 families, mainly: Lycosidae (n=629, 10.10%) and Linyphiidae (n=427, 6.85%). Hunting spiders predominated: ambushers (32.99 %); stalkers (11.77%) and ground-runners (10.84%) were less common. The most abundant web building spiders were the orb weavers (27.56%). The diversity indexes were: H´=2.97, Dsp=0.11 and J=0.79, evidencing a moderately diverse spider community with predominance of Misumenops pallidus, Oxyopes salticus, Lycosa poliostoma and L. erythrognatha. The spiders were present throughout the phenological development of the crop with abundance peaks in spring and summer. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (2): 757-767. Epub 2010 June 02.

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Insectivorous activities of spiders in United States field crops

Cited by 57 publications

References 68 publications

Identifying signature of chemical applications on indigenous and invasive nontarget arthropod communities in vineyards

Identifying signature of chemical applications on indigenous and invasive nontarget arthropod communities in vineyards

Diversidad estacional de arañas en una reserva natural del Espinal en Corrientes, Argentina

Comunidad de arañas (Arachnida, Araneae) del cultivo de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) en Buenos Aires, Argentina

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