Insecticides from Neem

Saxena, R. C.

doi:10.1021/bk-1989-0387.ch009

Cited by 140 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…The inhibition of fertility was due to the action of alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins, substances that inhibit digestion or reproduction of insects. Similar results were reported by Saxena (1989), Strebler (1989), Abbasi et al (2003), Kellouche and Soltani (2004), Seri-Kouassi et al (2004), Thiaw (2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Biopesticide activity of crude extracts and fractions of Calotropis procera Ait. towards the groundnut seed-beetle Caryedon serratus Ol. (Coleoptera, Bruchidae)

Thiaw¹,

Sembène²

2011

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

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In preparation for designing a strategy of integrated management associated with post-harvest products in Senegal, the bioactivity of crude and extracts of Calotropis procera Ait. on the survival of eggs and adults Caryedon serratus (Ol.) pest of groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., was studied under controlled conditions. The crude extracts (ether and methanol) and fractions of extract (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were applied through contact with C. serratus at different concentrations C 1 (0.1 g of dry residue / ml of solvent dilution), C 2 (0.01 g/ml) and C 3 (0.001 g/ml). The action of each biocid extract of C. procera on the survival of treated is dependent on the concentration and varies with the polarity of the extract. All concentrations induce high mortality of C. serratus eggs and adults regardless of the sample in use. The most important (86.14 ± 4.21%) adulticidal action was noted in 10 days of treatment with the methanol fraction. The adulticidal effect of crude methanol extract on C. serratus was in the range of 74.10 ± 2.82%. The biological activity of extracts of C. procera on the insect is also expressed by an imbalance of sex-ratio in favor of males, an extension or a reduction in the duration of the phases of development, reduced fecundity and fertility limited. The fecundity averages, less important, were obtained with the hexane fraction (44.83 ± 3.01 eggs) and high concentrations of ethyl acetate fraction (35 ± 0.71 eggs) or a respective rate of reduction of spawning 52.93% and 63.25% compared to the control. After characterization of reactions, it is clear from this study that the bioactivity of extracts of C. procera is likely related to suspected active compounds (alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, anthracene derivatives, saponins, sterols and terpenes) as revealed from staining or precipitation using specific reagents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Biopesticide activity of crude extracts and fractions of Calotropis procera Ait. towards the groundnut seed-beetle Caryedon serratus Ol. (Coleoptera, Bruchidae)

Thiaw¹,

Sembène²

2011

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

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“…Feeding deterrence without previous contact with the compound has also been reported in experiments with neem (Saxena, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The effects of some botanical insecticides and pymetrozine on life table parameters of silver leaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYThe objective of this research was to assess the effects of extracts of two medicinal plant species: Allium sativum (Linn) and Calotropis procera (Aiton), and a formulation containing azadirachtin on life table parameters of silver leaf whitefly (SLW), Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), grown on greenhouse tomato plants. The effects were compared to that of pymetrozine, a synthetic insecticide. Bioassays were carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions of 27 ± 2°C, R.H. of 55 ± 5% and 16:8 h (L:D) photo period.All treatments significantly affected the survivorship and fertility of SLW female adults, reducing the net reproduction rate, mean generation time and intrinsic rate of increase of this insect.The net reproductive rate [R 0 ] values for the populations treated with garlic extract, milkweed extract, pymetrozine, azadirachtin, control for extracts (ethanol + distilled water) and control for pesticides (distilled water) were 23. 58, 19.32, 10.78, 8.23, 49.66, 57.55; the intrinsic rate of increases [r m ] were 0. 134, 0.139, 0.110, 0.090, 0.177, 0.178; the mean generation times [T] were 23. 49, 21.23, 21.66, 23.50, 22.06, 22.69; the doubling times [DT] were 5.14, 4. 95, 6.27, 7.56, 3.91, 3.87, and the finite rates of increase [λ] were 1.144, 1.149, 1.116, 1.094, 1.193, 1.195, respectively. Azadirachtin had the highest effect on the life table parameters of SLW.Our findings indicated that, although herbal extracts were not effective as much as the chemical insecticides, they can be effective in pest control. Therefore, they are suitable choices for replacing chemical insecticides and for alternative use with azadirachtin in SLW IPM program.

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“…Um complexo de compostos secundários já foi extraído de sementes de nim (Saxena, 1989). Assim, não se sabe ao certo a contribuição de tais compostos ao afetar a sobrevivência dos insetos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeito de derivados de nim aplicados por pulverização sobre a mosca-branca em meloeiro

2007

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A mosca-branca é uma das principais pragas do meloeiro na região Nordeste do Brasil. Estudou-se neste trabalho o efeito de extratos aquosos de folhas e de sementes de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) e uma formulação à base de azadiractina comparados com o inseticida buprofezin, aplicados por pulverização, sobre ninfas da mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci biotipo B, em melão cv. Torreon, sob condições de casa de vegetação. Três experimentos independentes foram realizados no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e número variável de cinco a sete repetições. Cada planta constituiu uma unidade experimental. No primeiro experimento, os tratamentos foram: testemunha absoluta (água), Neemazal® (1,2% de azadiractina) nas doses 12; 24; 48; 96 e 192 ppm de azadiractina. No segundo: testemunha absoluta (água), extrato de semente a 1; 2; 4; 8 e 16 g/100ml. No terceiro, o extrato de folhas foi aplicado nas mesmas proporções que o de sementes. Para cada experimento aplicou-se como testemunha positiva, o produto comercial Applaud® (buprofezin) na dose de 1,5g. p.c./L, que corresponde a 0,375 g de ingrediente ativo(i.a)/L de calda. A azadiractina foi eficiente em todas as doses causando redução de até 98% na média de ninfas vivas. Quando aplicado acima de 24 ppm, este composto apresentou desempenho semelhante ao inseticida padrão buprofezin. Os extratos de sementes a 1; 2; 4; 8 e 16g/100 ml reduziram significativamente a média de ninfas vivas, não diferindo da ação do inseticida padrão. Os extratos de folha não foram eficientes no controle de ninfas.

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Insecticides from Neem

Cited by 140 publications

References 0 publications

Biopesticide activity of crude extracts and fractions of <i>Calotropis procera Ait</i>. towards the groundnut seed-beetle <i>Caryedon serratus</i> Ol. (Coleoptera, Bruchidae)

Biopesticide activity of crude extracts and fractions of <i>Calotropis procera Ait</i>. towards the groundnut seed-beetle <i>Caryedon serratus</i> Ol. (Coleoptera, Bruchidae)

The effects of some botanical insecticides and pymetrozine on life table parameters of silver leaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Efeito de derivados de nim aplicados por pulverização sobre a mosca-branca em meloeiro

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