Insecticide susceptibility status in Mexican populations of <i>Stegomyia aegypti</i> (= <scp><i>Aedes aegypti</i></scp>): a nationwide assessment

Kuri‐Morales, Pablo; Correa-Morales, Fabián; González-Acosta, Cassandra; Moreno‐García, Miguel; Santos-Luna, René; Román-Pérez, Susana; Salazar-Penagos, F.; Lombera-González, M.; Sánchez-Tejeda, Gustavo; González-Roldán, Jesús Felipe

doi:10.1111/mve.12281

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The heavy reliance on pyrethroid insecticides for mosquito control has led to widespread pyrethroid resistance on a global scale [72]. The high levels of resistance to pyrethroids found in Mexico [73], including the Yucatan [49], prompted CENAPRECE to expand the chemical groups used for Aedes control to other insecticide classes such as carbamates and organophosphates, to which local Ae. aegypti are susceptible [49,73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TIRS trial: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of preventive targeted indoor residual spraying to reduce Aedes-borne viral illnesses in Merida, Mexico

Manrique-Saide

Dean

Halloran

et al. 2020

Trials

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Background Current urban vector control strategies have failed to contain dengue epidemics and to prevent the global expansion of Aedes-borne viruses (ABVs: dengue, chikungunya, Zika). Part of the challenge in sustaining effective ABV control emerges from the paucity of evidence regarding the epidemiological impact of any Aedes control method. A strategy for which there is limited epidemiological evidence is targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS). TIRS is a modification of classic malaria indoor residual spraying that accounts for Aedes aegypti resting behavior by applying residual insecticides on exposed lower sections of walls (< 1.5 m), under furniture, and on dark surfaces. Methods/design We are pursuing a two-arm, parallel, unblinded, cluster randomized controlled trial to quantify the overall efficacy of TIRS in reducing the burden of laboratory-confirmed ABV clinical disease (primary endpoint). The trial will be conducted in the city of Merida, Yucatan State, Mexico (population ~ 1million), where we will prospectively follow 4600 children aged 2–15 years at enrollment, distributed in 50 clusters of 5 × 5 city blocks each. Clusters will be randomly allocated (n = 25 per arm) using covariate-constrained randomization. A “fried egg” design will be followed, in which all blocks of the 5 × 5 cluster receive the intervention, but all sampling to evaluate the epidemiological and entomological endpoints will occur in the “yolk,” the center 3 × 3 city blocks of each cluster. TIRS will be implemented as a preventive application (~ 1–2 months prior to the beginning of the ABV season). Active monitoring for symptomatic ABV illness will occur through weekly household visits and enhanced surveillance. Annual sero-surveys will be performed after each transmission season and entomological evaluations of Ae. aegypti indoor abundance and ABV infection rates monthly during the period of active surveillance. Epidemiological and entomological evaluation will continue for up to three transmission seasons. Discussion The findings from this study will provide robust epidemiological evidence of the efficacy of TIRS in reducing ABV illness and infection. If efficacious, TIRS could drive a paradigm shift in Aedes control by considering Ae. aegypti behavior to guide residual insecticide applications and changing deployment to preemptive control (rather than in response to symptomatic cases), two major enhancements to existing practice. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04343521. Registered on 13 April 2020. The protocol also complies with the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (Additional file 1). Primary sponsor National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TIRS trial: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of preventive targeted indoor residual spraying to reduce Aedes-borne viral illnesses in Merida, Mexico

Manrique-Saide

Dean

Halloran

et al. 2020

Trials

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“…The results showed that both products, one containing an organophosphate and the other containing a neonicotinoid-pyrethroid combination, proved to be effective at killing both the susceptible and local pyrethroid-resistant strain of Ae. aegypti (Correa-Morales et al 2016, Kuri-Morales et al 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent insecticide susceptibility tests have shown complete susceptibility of Ae. aegypti from Puerto Vallarta to chlorpyrifos in the state of Jalisco (CENAPRECE 2016, Correa-Morales et al 2016, Kuri-Morales et al 2017. To date, there are no broadly accepted diagnostic doses for prallethrin or imidacloprid to test for susceptibility of Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Efficacy Trials of Aerial Ultra-Low-Volume Application of Insecticides Against Caged Aedes aegypti in Mexico

Dzul-Manzanilla¹,

Correa-Morales²,

Medina-Barreiro³

et al. 2019

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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We evaluated the efficacy of aerial ultra-low-volume (ULV) insecticide spraying in field bioassays with caged Aedes aegypti in May 2017 in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. The insecticides tested included an organophosphate (Mosquitocida UNO ULV) and a neonicotinoid-pyrethroid combination (Cielo). Two Ae. aegypti populations were evaluated: a field pyrethroid-resistant local strain (Puerto Vallarta) and an insecticide-susceptible laboratory strain (New Orleans). Knockdown after 1 h by both products was !97.0%, and mortality after 24 h was !98% for the susceptible laboratory strain. Knockdown of the local Puerto Vallarta field strain by both products after 1 h was !96.5%; and mosquito mortality after 24 h was also very high (!98%). Meteorological conditions during this evaluation were favorable for aerial mosquito control and represented conditions that typically occur during adulticide space spray applications. Temperature oscillated between 248C and 268C with winds between 6 and 10 km/h. The majority of droplets met the droplet distribution criteria required for the insecticides. The evaluation demonstrated an acceptable performance of both products for Ae. aegypti control when applied undiluted at a rate of 199.4 ml/ha and 73.07 ml/ha for Mosquitocida UNO ULV and Cielo, respectively. The volume median diameter (VMD) droplet size was characterized at 31.3 lm and 37.3 lm, respectively.

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“…Only Mexico and Colombia have a consistent insecticide resistance monitoring program, with only Mexico reporting a nationwide study on Ae. aegypti insecticide susceptibility status in recent years (44).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need to harmonize insecticide resistance testing: methodology, intensity concentrations and molecular mechanisms evaluated inAedes aegyptipopulations in Central America and Hispaniola

Ledoux

Gutiérrez

Lobo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe Zika AIRS Project, a USAID-funded initiative worked across the Latin America and Caribbean regions from 2016 to 2019, as an emergency to contain the spread of the Zika virus. All entomological records in the target countries showed wide distribution and high abundance of Aedes aegypti populations, however the susceptibility profiles of these insects to insecticides commonly employed by vector control campaigns were in most cases incomplete or inexistent. In close collaboration with the Ministries of Health of individual countries, Zika-AIRS teams conducted insecticide susceptibility testing of an array of insecticides in A. aegypti populations of each country. Procedures applied met the standard international protocols instructed by the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Methodology and main findingsThe insecticides tested were selected under categories such as pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamate. Results showed A. aegypti populations displaying high and widely distributed resistance to all pyrethroids across countries, tolerance to organophosphates and full susceptibility to a carbamate. Key inconsistencies between testing methods are presented and discussed. Additionally, four kdr mutations were analyzed to detect molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance. The screening for kdr mutations suggested the widespread nature of V1016I mutation, linked to pyrethroid resistance in A. aegypti populations distributed and sampled in the above mentioned regions.Conclusions and perspectivesThis multi-country study contributes with updated information to the public health decision-makers across Central America and the Caribbean. This study provided training and established technical networks for more effective and sustainable insecticide surveillance programs. Most but not all records of insecticide resistance in A. aegypti were consistent between methodologies, thus inconsistent issues are discussed here to call for further improvement in procedures and convey more practical guidelines for surveillance teams in countries where Aedes-borne diseases are endemic.Author summaryAt the forefront of the fight against arboviruses transmission is the insecticide-based vector control. All countries in the Latin American and Caribbean region invest valuable resources from their limited budget to acquire and implement insecticide-based tools, with non-existent or weak insecticide resistance monitoring programs. Hence, the USAID-funded Zika AIRS Project (ZAP) collaborated with the Ministries of Health of multiple countries to update the profile of susceptibility to insecticides in Aedes aegypti populations. We found widespread resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, which account to almost 100% of the products available to control adult mosquitoes. As we used both of World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standard methods, we found many similarities and some inconsistencies in the susceptibility profiles obtained for the very same vector populations. Additionally, we obtained insight on potential molecular mechanisms of resistance across the countries, finding the kdr mutation V1016I possibly involved in loss of susceptibility.This study is the biggest cross-country update of insecticide resistance for Aedes aegypti in years, and it should be used as evidence for improving the selection of insecticides in these countries and a call for further support to maintain insecticide resistance monitoring programs.

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Insecticide susceptibility status in Mexican populations of Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti): a nationwide assessment

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

The TIRS trial: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of preventive targeted indoor residual spraying to reduce Aedes-borne viral illnesses in Merida, Mexico

The TIRS trial: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of preventive targeted indoor residual spraying to reduce Aedes-borne viral illnesses in Merida, Mexico

Field Efficacy Trials of Aerial Ultra-Low-Volume Application of Insecticides Against Caged Aedes aegypti in Mexico

The need to harmonize insecticide resistance testing: methodology, intensity concentrations and molecular mechanisms evaluated inAedes aegyptipopulations in Central America and Hispaniola

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