Insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the malaria endemic states of India: implications and way forward for malaria elimination

Raghavendra, Kamaraju; Rahi, Manju; Verma, Vaishali; Velamuri, Poonam Sharma; Kamaraju, Divya; Baruah, Kalpana; Chhibber‐Goel, Jyoti; Sharma, Amit

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11902

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…culicifacies, exhibited resistance to public health insecticides, including DDT in 52 study districts across nine states, and demonstrated resistance or possible resistance to malathion and synthetic pyrethroids in over 80% of the districts examined. 9 Similarly, in another study, primary malaria vectors like A. stephensi and A. fluviatilis have been found resistant to DDT in eight states of the country. 8 Vectors of chikungunya and dengue, that is, Aedes aegypti and Ae.…”

Section: How This Study Might Affect Research Practice or Policymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…insecticide classes, namely DDT, malathion and synthetic pyrethroids. [7][8][9] In our study on insecticide susceptibility status of malaria vectors in India revealed that the primary vector, An. culicifacies, exhibited resistance to public health insecticides, including DDT in 52 study districts across nine states, and demonstrated resistance or possible resistance to malathion and synthetic pyrethroids in over 80% of the districts examined.…”

Section: How This Study Might Affect Research Practice or Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addressing challenges in vector control: a review of current strategies and the imperative for novel tools in India’s combat against vector-borne diseases

Kumar,

Baharia,

Singh

et al. 2024

bmjph

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Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) exert a substantial burden across the world, especially in tropical countries. Malaria, chikungunya, dengue, visceral leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis and Japanese encephalitis are among the public health concerns for India. One of the major pillars for the containment of VBDs is vector control and different tools have been employed for several decades. These range from chemical insecticides used in indoor residual sprays, space sprays, fogging, treated bednets and larvicides to biological control methods such as larvivorus fishes and environmental control and modification measures such as source reduction. However, these methods are increasingly becoming less effective due to several reasons such as insecticide resistance, outdoor biting, behavioural changes in vectors for biting and resting, climate change, movement of population, vector incursion to newer areas and others. It is essential to develop and test new tools for vector control to surmount these challenges. Though focusing on India’s public health concerns, the new tools enumerated here can be tested by any country with similar epidemiological and environmental conditions. The promising new vector control tools are insecticide-treated nets with synergist and/or pyrrole chlorfenapyr, alternatives/additions to synthetic pyrethroids like neonicotinoids, clothianidin for indoor residual spray, newer formulations such asBacillus sphaericusfor use in larvicides, attractive toxic sugar baits, especially to curtail outdoor transmission, endectocides like ivermectin for use in animals/humans, insecticidal paints, spatial repellents, insecticide-treated wearables and others. Genetic modification technologies (Sterile Insect Technique/Incompatible Insect Technique/Wolbachia transfection) are also upcoming strategies. Among the six VBDs, India is committed to the elimination of three (malaria, visceral leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis) and it will require additional and/or novel tools to overcome the roadblocks in our current journey to the goal of control/elimination of these VBDs.

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Section: How This Study Might Affect Research Practice or Policymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: How This Study Might Affect Research Practice or Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing challenges in vector control: a review of current strategies and the imperative for novel tools in India’s combat against vector-borne diseases

Kumar,

Baharia,

Singh

et al. 2024

bmjph

Self Cite

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“…The increasing prevalence of insecticide-resistant malaria vectors in India has raised concerns. Anopheles culicifacies has shown resistance to all three insecticides, while other primary malaria vectors display resistance to both DDT and Malathion ( 108 , 109 ). Anopheles minimus exhibits some resilience to DDT but remains susceptible to most other insecticides ( 110 ).…”

Section: Control Of Plasmodium Vivaxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vivax malaria: a possible stumbling block for malaria elimination in India

Kumar,

Singh,

Tyagi

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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Plasmodium vivax is geographically the most widely dispersed human malaria parasite species. It has shown resilience and a great deal of adaptability. Genomic studies suggest that P. vivax originated from Asia or Africa and moved to the rest of the world. Although P. vivax is evolutionarily an older species than Plasmodium falciparum, its biology, transmission, pathology, and control still require better elucidation. P. vivax poses problems for malaria elimination because of the ability of a single primary infection to produce multiple relapses over months and years. P. vivax malaria elimination program needs early diagnosis, and prompt and complete radical treatment, which is challenging, to simultaneously exterminate the circulating parasites and dormant hypnozoites lodged in the hepatocytes of the host liver. As prompt surveillance and effective treatments are rolled out, preventing primaquine toxicity in the patients having glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency should be a priority for the vivax elimination program. This review sheds light on the burden of P. vivax, changing epidemiological patterns, the hurdles in elimination efforts, and the essential tools needed not just in India but globally. These tools encompass innovative treatments for eliminating dormant parasites, coping with evolving drug resistance, and the development of potential vaccines against the parasite.

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Insecticidal paint: An alternate integrated vector management strategy for mosquito control

Singh,

Kumar,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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Insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the malaria endemic states of India: implications and way forward for malaria elimination

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Addressing challenges in vector control: a review of current strategies and the imperative for novel tools in India’s combat against vector-borne diseases

Addressing challenges in vector control: a review of current strategies and the imperative for novel tools in India’s combat against vector-borne diseases

Vivax malaria: a possible stumbling block for malaria elimination in India

Insecticidal paint: An alternate integrated vector management strategy for mosquito control

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