2002
DOI: 10.1016/s0261-2194(02)00081-9
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Insecticide resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to endosulfan, carbamates and organophosphates: the Spanish case

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Cited by 98 publications
(52 citation statements)
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“…Resistance to diverse classes of pyrethroids has also been reported in populations from Benin (west Africa)71. In southern France, pyrethroid-resistance H. armigera was also reported7273, while populations resistant to pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates were identified in Spain7475. Significant reduced susceptibility to Cry1Ac has also been detected in some Chinese H. armigera populations76, and H. armigera larvae on Bt cotton (BG-II) which has cry1Ac + cry2Ab genes exists in India77.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Resistance to diverse classes of pyrethroids has also been reported in populations from Benin (west Africa)71. In southern France, pyrethroid-resistance H. armigera was also reported7273, while populations resistant to pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates were identified in Spain7475. Significant reduced susceptibility to Cry1Ac has also been detected in some Chinese H. armigera populations76, and H. armigera larvae on Bt cotton (BG-II) which has cry1Ac + cry2Ab genes exists in India77.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The phenomenon in S. exigua is often due to more than one reason. The development of insecticide resistance is primarily a result of the selection pressure exerted on sprayed populations increasing the frequency of resistant individuals (Torres-Vila et al 2002). In three regions, the conventional insecticides were widely used to control several pests including S. exigua for many years.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This selective pressure exerted by the insecticides abruptly increases the frequency of the genetic condition expressed as resistance within the exposed population. The development of resistance is a result of the selection pressure exerted on sprayed populations increasing the frequency of resistant individuals (Torres-Vila et al 2002), but several factors including temperature are also involved in influencing the evolution of insecticides resistance (Raymond and Marquine 1994). At present, the extensive use of conventional insecticides such as organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroids against S. litura has produced prevalent resistance in China (Wu et al 1995; Huang et al 2006).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%