INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE GROUND SPIDER, Pardosa sumatrana (THORELL, 1890; ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE)

Abstract

Elevated levels of insecticides detoxifying enzymes, such as esterases, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, act in the resistance mechanisms in insects. In the present study, levels of these enzymes in the insecticide-resistant ground spider Pardosa sumatrana (Thorell, 1890) were compared with a susceptible population (control) of the same species. Standard protocols were used for biochemical estimation of enzymes. The results showed significantly higher levels of nonspecific esterases and monooxygenases in resistant spiders compared to controls. The activity of GSTs was lower in the resistant spiders. Elevated levels of nonspecific esterases and monooxygenases suggest their role in metabolic resistance in P. sumatrana. The reduced levels of total protein contents revealed its possible consumption to meet energy demands.

Lethal and sublethal effects of five common herbicides on the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)

“…A number of studies have shown that monotypic and low-quality diets shorten the lifespan of wolf spiders and other generalist spiders or have other negative consequences to tness such as mating behavior and egg sac production (Bilde and Toft 2000; Greenstone 1979; Toft 2013; Wilder and Rypstra 2008; Uetz et al 1992). Previous work suggests Pardosa species are capable of evolved resistance to some pesticides including the insecticides bifenthrin and imidacloprid through higher levels of detoxifying enzymes such as esterases and monooxygenases (Tahir et al 2016), but our results show no similar evolved resistance or tolerance to our tested herbicides by Pardosa milvina in exposed populations. Instead, we see increased susceptibility to herbicides among populations previously exposed to at least some of our tested compounds.…”

“…This leads us to believe that rimsulfuron likely interfered with nutrient processing or metabolism in some way since there was no evidence of shifts in foraging behavior within the group. It is possible that the energetic costs of increased production of detoxifying enzymes (Tahir et al 2016) may have contributed to the weight loss of spiders in this treatment, despite shorter prey capture latencies.…”

Effect of Pesticides on Biological Control Potential of Neoscona theisi (Araneae: Araneidae)

“…Sherwat et al (2015) reported 65% mortality in wolf spiders of wheat fields, i.e., Lycosa terrestris against Bifenthrin. Tahir et al (2016) observed 80% mortality in Pardosa sumatrana at field dose of Bifenthrin. Similarly, Francis and North (2010) also noted high mortality (988.9%) against Bifenthrin among black house spiders.…”

Effect of the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on Behavioral and Metabolic Aspects of the Spider Polybetes pythagoricus

“…The tripeptide acts as an antioxidant, providing reduction equivalents in the GPx‐catalyzed reaction, with GSH being oxidized to glutathione disulfide and the reduced form being later reconstituted by the enzyme GR. Furthermore, GSH acts as a substrate of GST, catalyzing a conjugation of the tripeptide with different organic compounds (Hermes‐Lima et al, 2004; Tahir, 2016). The activity of GPx and GR in P. pythagoricus was usually higher in the individuals treated with chlorpyrifos after 24 h of exposure than after either 6 or 48 h, similar to the pattern of GPx activity in the spider A. labyrinthica treated with an organophosphate for 24 h (Babczyńska et al, 2006).…”