Insecticide resistance in phlebotomine sandflies in Southeast Asia with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent

Dhiman, R. C.; Yadav, Rajpal

doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0200-3

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is significant that India has partly shifted its DDT use from malaria control towards leishmaniasis control—possibly in response to low DDT susceptibility in malaria vectors (DDT questionnaire responses of 2009, 2012). Further changes in DDT use could be foreseen in view of recent reports on high levels of DDT resistance detected in the sandfly vectors of leishmaniasis [ 25 , 26 ]. Considering the size of vector control operations in India, any such changes will have a major impact on the global pattern of DDT use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global trends in the production and use of DDT for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases

Berg

Manuweera²,

Konradsen

2017

Malar J

147

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BackgroundDDT was among the initial persistent organic pollutants listed under the Stockholm Convention and continues to be used for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases in accordance with its provisions on acceptable purposes. Trends in the production and use of DDT were evaluated over the period 2001–2014.ResultsAvailable data on global production of DDT showed a 32% decline over the reporting period, from 5144 to 3491 metric tons of active ingredient p.a. Similarly, global use of DDT, for control of malaria and leishmaniasis, showed a 30% decline over the period 2001–2014, from 5388 metric tons p.a. to 3772 metric tons p.a. India has been by far the largest producer and user of DDT. In some countries, DDT is used in response to the development of resistance in malaria vectors against pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Some other countries have stopped using DDT, in compliance to the Convention, or in response to DDT resistance in malaria vectors. Progress has been made in establishing or amending national legal measures on DDT, with the majority of countries reportedly having measures in place that prohibit, or restrict, the production, import, export and use of DDT. Limitations in achieving the objectives of the Stockholm Convention with regard to DDT include major shortcomings in periodic reporting by Parties to the Stockholm Convention, and deficiencies in reporting to the DDT Register.ConclusionGlobal production and global use of DDT have shown a modest decline since the adoption of the Stockholm Convention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global trends in the production and use of DDT for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases

Berg

Manuweera²,

Konradsen

2017

Malar J

147

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“…Indoor residual spraying (IRS) using dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) at 1 g/m 2 is the only method for sand fly vector control in India since 1977 [ 3 ]. However, in 2015, DDT was replaced by synthetic pyrethroid (alphacypermethrin) due to widespread resistance development in sand flies, including P. argentipes [ 7 – 10 ]. In a few places, IRS is combined with environmental manipulation to reduce the population density at breeding and resting sites [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in spatio-temporal dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis cases in a highly-endemic focus of Bihar, India: an investigation based on GIS tools

et al. 2018

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BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Bihar State (India) continues to be endemic, despite the existence of effective treatment and a vector control program to control disease morbidity. A clear understanding of spatio-temporal distribution of VL may improve surveillance and control implementation. This study explored the trends in spatio-temporal dynamics of VL endemicity at a meso-scale level in Vaishali District, based on geographical information systems (GIS) tools and spatial statistical analysis.MethodsA GIS database was used to integrate the VL case data from the study area between 2009 and 2014. All cases were spatially linked at a meso-scale level. Geospatial techniques, such as GIS-layer overlaying and mapping, were employed to visualize and detect the spatio-temporal patterns of a VL endemic outbreak across the district. The spatial statistic Moran’s I Index (Moran’s I) was used to simultaneously evaluate spatial-correlation between endemic villages and the spatial distribution patterns based on both the village location and the case incidence rate (CIR). Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard error, confidence intervals and percentages were used to summarize the VL case data.ResultsThere were 624 endemic villages with 2719 (average 906 cases/year) VL cases during 2012–2014. The Moran’s I revealed a cluster pattern (P < 0.05) of CIR distribution at the meso-scale level. On average, 68 villages were newly-endemic each year. Of which 93.1% of villages’ endemicity were found to have occurred on the peripheries of the previous year endemic villages. The mean CIR of the endemic villages that were peripheral to the following year newly-endemic villages, compared to all endemic villages of the same year, was higher (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results show that the VL endemicity of new villages tends to occur on the periphery of villages endemic in the previous year. High-CIR plays a major role in the spatial dispersion of the VL cases between non-endemic and endemic villages. This information can help achieve VL elimination throughout the Indian subcontinent by improving vector control design and implementation in highly-endemic district.

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“…The vectors of several human diseases are developing resistance to available insecticides [17][18][19][20]. Capacities needed for routine monitoring of insecticide resistance have been established in part of the countries in regions with high burden of vector-borne diseases, as indicated in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifecycle Management of Insecticides Used for Disease Vector Control: A Global Survey

Berg

Bezerra²,

Chanda³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Vector control plays a critical role in the prevention, control and elimination of vector-borne diseases, and interventions of vector control continue to depend largely on the action of chemical insecticides. A global survey was conducted on the lifecycle management practices of vector control insecticides at country level to identify gaps to inform future strategies to improve efficacy of interventions and reduce the side effects of chemicals used on health and the environment.Methods: A survey by questionnaire was disseminated among all WHO Member States on the lifecycle management practices of vector control insecticides at country level. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Responses were received from 94 countries, indicating a response rate of 48%. Capacity for insecticide resistance monitoring has been established in part of the countries, often with external support; however, this capacity was lacking from other countries. Procurement of vector control insecticides was often taking place at decentralized levels, over which the central authorities lacked control, for example, to select the product or assure quality of the product. Moreover, some countries experienced problems with estimating the correct amounts for procurement, especially for emergency purposes. Countries across regions showed shortcomings in worker safety, pesticide storage practices, and pesticide waste disposal. Shortcomings were most pronounced in countries of the European & Others Group, most of which have long been relatively free from mosquito-borne diseases but have recently faced challenges of re-emerging vector-borne diseases.Conclusions: Critical shortcomings in the management of vector control insecticides are common in countries across regions, with risks of adverse pesticide effects on health and the environment. Advocacy and resource mobilization are needed at regional and country level to address these challenges.

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Insecticide resistance in phlebotomine sandflies in Southeast Asia with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Global trends in the production and use of DDT for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases

Global trends in the production and use of DDT for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases

Trends in spatio-temporal dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis cases in a highly-endemic focus of Bihar, India: an investigation based on GIS tools

Lifecycle Management of Insecticides Used for Disease Vector Control: A Global Survey

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