Insecticide movement following application to crevices in rooms

Wright, Charles G.; Jackson, M. D.

doi:10.1007/bf02221045

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Some of the findings from CPPAES were in agreement with other studies that have demonstrated that semivolatile pesticides applied indoors within a home can contaminate the indoor air (Byrne et al 1998; Gurunathan et al 1998; Lewis et al 2001; Wright and Leidy 1978, 1980; Wright et al 1981) and nontargeted indoor surfaces (Gurunathan et al 1998; Wright 1976; Wright and Jackson 1975). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Chlorpyrifos Accumulation Patterns for Child-Accessible Surfaces and Objects and Urinary Metabolite Excretion by Children for 2 Weeks after Crack-and-Crevice Application

Hore

Robson

Freeman

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

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The Children’s Post-Pesticide Application Exposure Study (CPPAES) was conducted to look at the distribution of chlorpyrifos within a home environment for 2 weeks after a routine professional crack-and-crevice application and to determine the amount of the chlorpyrifos that is absorbed by a child living within the home. Ten residential homes with a 2- to 5-year-old child in each were selected for study, and the homes were treated with chlorpyrifos. Pesticide measurements were made from the indoor air, indoor surfaces, and plush toys. In addition, periodic morning urine samples were collected from each of the children throughout the 2-week period. We analyzed the urine samples for 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol, the primary urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos, and used the results to estimate the children’s absorbed dose. Average chlorpyrifos levels in the indoor air and surfaces were 26 (pretreatment)/120 (posttreatment) ng/m3 and 0.48 (pretreatment)/2.8 (posttreatment) ng/cm2, respectively, reaching peak levels between days 0 and 2; subsequently, concentrations decreased throughout the 2-week period. Chlorpyrifos in/on the plush toys ranged from 7.3 to 1,949 ng/toy postapplication, with concentrations increasing throughout the 2-week period, demonstrating a cumulative adsorption/absorption process indoors. The daily amount of chlorpyrifos estimated to be absorbed by the CPPAES children postapplication ranged from 0.04 to 4.8 μg/kg/day. During the 2 weeks after the crack-and-crevice application, there was no significant increase in the amount of chlorpyrifos absorbed by the CPPAES children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Chlorpyrifos Accumulation Patterns for Child-Accessible Surfaces and Objects and Urinary Metabolite Excretion by Children for 2 Weeks after Crack-and-Crevice Application

Hore

Robson

Freeman

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Based on literature values and a pilot investigation conducted during August 1995, the time peri-. ods specified in Table 1 were selected for sampling (10,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Air samples were taken in the living area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of chlorpyrifos on residential surfaces and toys accessible to children.

Gurunathan

Robson

Freeman

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

262

137

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Quantitative examination of major pathways and routes of exposure to pesticides is essential for determining human risk. The current study was conducted in two apartments and examines the accumulation of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in childrens' toys after the time suggested for reentry after application. It has been established for the first time that a semivolatile pesticide will accumulate on and in toys and other sorbant surfaces in a home via a two-phase physical process that continues for at least 2 weeks postapplication. A summation of the above for a 3-6-year-old child yielded an estimated nondietary total dose of 208 microg/kg/day. Potential exposure from the inhalation pathway was negligible, while dermal and nondietary oral doses from playing with toys contributed to 39 and 61% of the total dose, respectively. If children with high frequency mouthing behavior are considered as candidates for acute exposure to chlorpyrifos residues, the estimated acute dose could be as high as 356 microg/kg/day. Routine reapplication of pesticides could lead to continued accumulation in toys and other sorbant surfaces, e.g., pillows, with large sorbant reservoirs, which can become a long-term source of exposure to a child. Estimates of a child's nondietary exposure to chlorpyrifos associated with toys and other sorbant surfaces for a period of 1 week following application appear to be of public health concern, and studies of actual childhood exposure from this pathway are warranted in the home environment. The above information should be used to determine if current procedures for postapplication reentry are sufficient and to evaluate the need for procedures to store frequently used household toys, pillows, and other sorbant objects during insecticidal application.ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6

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“…7 Residential monitoring studies have focused primarily on ambient air concentrations of pesticides following several types of applications, including termiticide applications, [8][9][10][11][12][13] DDVP resin strips hung in households,'4-6 and crackand-crevice or baseboard treatments. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Recently the US Environmental Protection Agency initiated a major study of 0.3-0.5 F±g/cm2 24 hours post-application. Estimated total absorbed doses for infants were 0.08-0.16 mg/kg on the day of application and 0.04-0.06 mg/kg the day following application, with dermal absorption representing approximately 68 percent of the totals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential exposure and health risks of infants following indoor residential pesticide applications.

et al. 1990

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Air and surface chlorpyrifos residues were measured for 24 hours following a 0.5 percent Dursban@ broadcast application for fleas inside a residence. Two of the three treated rooms were ventilated following application. Maximum air concentrations were measured 3-7 hours post-application. Peak concentrations in the infant breathing zone were 94 Rg/m3 in the nonventilated room and 61 ,ug/m3 in the ventilated room, and were substantially higher than concentrations in the sitting adult breathing zone. Concentrations of approximately 30 ,ug/m3 were detected in the infant breathing zone 24 hours post-application. Surface residues available through wipe sampling were 0.7-1.6 ,ug/cm2 of carpet on the day of application and

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Insecticide movement following application to crevices in rooms

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Chlorpyrifos Accumulation Patterns for Child-Accessible Surfaces and Objects and Urinary Metabolite Excretion by Children for 2 Weeks after Crack-and-Crevice Application

Chlorpyrifos Accumulation Patterns for Child-Accessible Surfaces and Objects and Urinary Metabolite Excretion by Children for 2 Weeks after Crack-and-Crevice Application

Accumulation of chlorpyrifos on residential surfaces and toys accessible to children.

Potential exposure and health risks of infants following indoor residential pesticide applications.

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