Insecticide-Induced Population Changes in Four Mite Species on Alfalfa1

Klostermeyer, E. C.

doi:10.1093/jee/52.5.991

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It was believed this tarsonemid was feeding on a sooty mold growing on honeydew produced by the spotted alfalfa aphid. T. confusus was reported as abundant in alfalfa seed fields during 1956 at Prosser, Wash. (Klostermeyer 1959).…”

Section: Acari-prostigmatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Arthropod Fauna of Alfalfa: Ii. Arthropod–fungus Associations

Wheeler

1972

Can Entomol

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Observations were made during 1967 to 1969 at Ithaca, N.Y., supplemented by collections at New Cumberland and Carlisle, Pa., on arthropods associated with fungi occurring on alfalfa, Medicago saliva L. Five species of Coleoptera, two species of Diptera, one species each of Collembola and Psocoptera, and nine species of Acari were reared or collected consistently from fungus-covered alfalfa leaves, stems, and seed pods. Attraction to fungi on the plants, principally Alternaria sp., accounted for the presence on alfalfa of arthropod species that normally might be considered as accidentals or visitors. The mycetophagous species thus contributed to the richness of the alfalfa fauna. Immature stages of several species were collected only in late fall or on 3- or 4-year-old plants. The possible role of the fungus-feeding species in seasonal changes in the alfalfa fauna and changes in the fauna in successive years is discussed.

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Section: Acari-prostigmatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Arthropod Fauna of Alfalfa: Ii. Arthropod–fungus Associations

Wheeler

1972

Can Entomol

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“…Smith et al (1963) found a strain of Typhlodromus fallacis with a history of exposure to DDT to be no longer susceptible, whereas Ristich (1956) had found this species highly susceptible to DDT and its analogues. Evidence from the literature showed azinphosmethyl to be highly toxic to phytoseiid mites, (Klostermeyer 1959, Parent 1961, Smith et al 1963, Sanford 1967, and in New Zealand there was evidence of its toxicity to T. pyri. In Auckland (Collyer 1964), small blocks of Granny Smith trees which in previous years had been sprayed with DDT were given various 7-application insecticide spray treatments in the season from October to March; T. pyri was almost eliminated by the azinphos-methyl (0.05% a.i.)…”

Section: Mite Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated control of apple pests in New Zealand 6. Incidence of European red mite,Panonychus ulmi(Koch), and its predators

Collyer¹

1976

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Mite relationships were investigated in an orchard near Nelson from 1962 to 1974 in conjunction with a long-term experiment into integrated control of apple pests. From 42% to 57% of the total winter eggs of Panonychus ulmi hatched over a period of 48-53 days from the last week of September until mid November. The main hatch-from 10% to 90%-took 19-20 days. Five generations occurred in each season, from October to March, although some females laid winter eggs from mid January if leaf condition became poor. Insect predators found were Stethorus bifidus, Sejanus albisignata, Arthrocnodax sp., and Xylapothrips sp. The mite Typhlodromus pyri (Phytoseiidae), the most important predator, had up to 5 generations from October to March; some females ceased to feed or oviposit from mid February onwards, and took on the characteristics of the overwintering diapause phase. With the integrated programme based on ryania, a favourable balance of P. ulmi and T. pyri was established after an initial outbreak of P. ulmi in the 1st or 2nd season, and was maintained until 1970-71, when P. ulmi outbreaks occurred on several cultivars in a season marked by hot, dry conditions in November and December. Natural control was restored the next year except on cy. Delicious, where P. ulmi remained in greater numbers for several years. With a complete commercial spray programme from 1962 to 1967 P. ulmi became resistant to all acaricides used; with the regular azinphos-methyl programme and no acaricides in 1967-68 a population of T. pyri resistant to this insecticide emerged. The approximately × 10 resistance level did not increase appreciably, so the azinphos-methyl dosage was reduced from 0.05% to 0.025% to allow greater survival. Several hot, dry summers followed, and commercial control of P. ulmi by T. pyri did not occur until 1973-74. A programme of low-dosage carbaryl allowed T. pyri and S. albisignata to establish in fair numbers, but control of P. ulmi was not achieved. Experiments with mineral oils and cyhexatin have shown them to have some potential for inclusion against P. ulmi in future integrated programmes. v

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“…Huffaker and Kennett (1956) also found M. cucumeris on strawberries in California to feed primarily, if not entirely, on tarsonemids rather than tetranychids, whereas this same species from other areas and situations is apparently rated primarily as a predator of tetranychids (Chant, 1959;Burrell and Me-Cormick, 1964). Klostermeyer (1959) noted that it seemed to thrive on alfalfa whether or not tetranychids were present.…”

Section: Specialized and General Predators And The Use Of Alternate Fmentioning

confidence: 99%