Insecticide Baits, Dry Sugar Baits for the Control of Houseflies

Gahan, J. B.; Wilson, H. G.; McDuffie, W. C.

doi:10.1021/jf60028a007

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Remove inlet cap 1 and insert capsule 4 (open end forward) into the hot pyrolysis tube, 3, and push the capsule in as far as possible with a glass rod. Replace the air-inlet cap, 1. Let the pyrolysis and absorption of the products in the receiver proceed for 1 hour.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Determination, Colorimetric Determination of O,O-Dialkyl 1-Hydroxyphosphonates Derived from Chloral

Giang¹,

Barthel²,

Hall³

1954

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A new series of organic phosphorus insecticides can be made by condensing chloral with a dialkyl phosphite. Chloral condensed with dimethyl phosphite yields , -dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1 -hydroxyethylphosphonate, produced in Germany and tested here under the designation Bayer L 13/59. This and other dialkyl 1-hydroxyphosphonates were quantitatively estimated by heating the compound to split out chloroform, which was absorbed in aqueous pyridine and warmed with alkali to develop the red color first described by Fujiwara. The method is sensitive to 20 y of L 13/59. The water solubilities of diethyl, dipropyl, and dibutyl esters have been estimated by this method. ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS of possible use as insecticides can be made by condensing chloral with a dialkyl hydrogen phosphite (2):The first member of the homologous series, , -dimethyl 2,2,2-trichIoro-lhvdroxyethylphosphonate, has recently attracted interest as an insecticide for DDT-resistant houseflies (4). This ester was originally produced in Leverkusen, Germany, and tested in the United States under the designation "Bayer L 13/59."Abramov et al. (Z) observed that dialkyl 1 -hydroxyphosphonates are decomposed by the action of either alkali or heat, which cleaves the carbonphosphorus bond and regenerates the starting materials:

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Determination, Colorimetric Determination of O,O-Dialkyl 1-Hydroxyphosphonates Derived from Chloral

Giang¹,

Barthel²,

Hall³

1954

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The developing solvent was the upper phase from a mixture of 4 parts of ethyl alcohol, 4 parts of chloroform, and 2 parts of water.…”

Section: Siliconementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Insecticides, Metabolism and Excretion of Phosphorus-32-Labeled Diazinon in a Cow

Robbins¹,

Hopkins²,

Eddy³

1957

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Phosphorus-32-labeled Diazinon, administered orally to a cow at 20 mg. per kg., is rapidly metabolized and excreted. Only low levels of unchanged toxicant were found in blood and milk samples. About 74y0 of the dose, excreted as polar degradation products, was accounted for in the urine 36 hours after treatment. IAZISOS,the organic phosphorus D compound, 0,O-diethyl 0-(2-isop r o p y 1-6m e t h y l-4-pyrimidyl) phosphorothioate, has been evaluated against a wide variety of insects affecting plants and domestic animals (5). It is an effective toxicant in baits (4) and, by residual application, in the control of houseflies in dairy barns (7).McGregor and coworkers (77) have demonstrated that Diazinon is a promising chemotherapeutic agent when administered orally or subcutaneously to cattle parasitized Iby cattle grubs, Hjpoderma lineatum (De 'Vill.). It is also effective when applied externally to cattle as a back treatment 1:76).More recently the distribution and excretion of Diazinon in guinea pigs ( 9 ) and its penetration and excretion by the American cockroach (7) have been studied with the aid of phosphorus-32labeled Diazinon and paper chromatographic analysis.To gain a better understanding of its action as a mammalian systemic insecticidc and to investigate the nature of its metabolic breakdciwn products in the bovine body, phosphorus-32 Diazinon was administered orally to a Hereford COLV and, at intervals thereafter, samples of blood, milk, urine. and feces were assayed radiometrically and 'or chromatographically. Materials and MethodsExperimental Animal. The animal employed in this study was a lactating Hereford cow. At the time of administration of the labeled compound the cow weighed 267.6 kg.Radioact:ve Compound. The phosphorus-32-labeled Diazinon was synthesized by Louloudes and associates (70). The radioactive compound was diluted with nonradioactive Diazinon (99.2% pure, from Geigy Agricultural Chemists Research Laboratory, Bayonne, N. J.) and, a t the time of administration, the diluted material had an observable specific activity of 5.18 X 108 counts per minute per gram (mean of three determinations). T h e radiochemical purity of the phosphorus-32 Diazinon was found to be greater than 99% when assessed by several paper chromatographic methods of analyses.Administration of Radioactive Compound. The labeled Diazinon was administered orally in a S o . 1 1 gelatin capsule (0.5 ounce) by use of a balling gun. The dosage was 20 mg. per kg. (5.232 grams for the 267.6-kg. animal).Sample Collection. The animal was held in a metal chute modified for tracer studies. Food and water were supplied throughout the experimental period.Urine and feces were collected manually, with considerable care to prevent cross contamination. Near-quantitative collections were made for the 36-hour post-treatment interval. Subsequent to this period. samples were taken only at the various times indicated in the figures and text.Blood samples, 10 ml.. were taken from the jugular vein at each sampling; sodium citrate was used as th...

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“…Bait stations have negligible effects on valuable natural enemies of flies12 and thus are a good example of selective chemical control 1, 2, 13. Dry baits in particular have a number of advantages over their liquid counterparts: they are less messy in dusty field settings, they can be more attractive to flies than liquid baits, and they can often be stored for months or more without the toxicant losing efficacy 14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing insecticide resistance and aversion to methomyl‐treated toxic baits in Musca domestica L (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in southern California

Darbro¹,

Mullens²

2004

Pest Management Science

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Progeny of house flies (Musca domestica L) from ten California poultry operations, three dairies and one horse-riding facility were tested for methomyl- and muscalure-treated bait resistance using up to three different assays: a topical assay, a no-choice feeding assay and a choice feeding assay. LD50 resistance factors from the topical assay, compared with a locally-derived susceptible colony, ranged between 1 and 4. LC50 resistance factors from the no-choice feeding assay ranged mostly between 2 and 5, with one value of 18. Measurable LT50 resistance ratios for female flies in the choice feeding assay ranged from 43 to 159; two populations had <10% mortality at 48h and could not be measured. LT50 resistance ratios for male flies in the choice feeding assay ranged from 26 to 96, and one population was too resistant to measure. A behavioral assay tested the feeding preference of male and female flies provided a dish of sugar and a dish of methomyl- and muscalure-treated bait. Of eight strains tested, females from seven strains and males from six strains showed significant preference for sugar over bait. Behavioral factors appear to be important in the severe resistance of house flies to baits in California.

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Insecticide Baits, Dry Sugar Baits for the Control of Houseflies

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Insecticide Determination, Colorimetric Determination of O,O-Dialkyl 1-Hydroxyphosphonates Derived from Chloral

Insecticide Determination, Colorimetric Determination of O,O-Dialkyl 1-Hydroxyphosphonates Derived from Chloral

Metabolism of Insecticides, Metabolism and Excretion of Phosphorus-32-Labeled Diazinon in a Cow

Assessing insecticide resistance and aversion to methomyl‐treated toxic baits in Musca domestica L (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in southern California

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