Insecticidal secondary metabolic products from the entomogenous fungus Verticillium lecanii

Potential of Lecanicillium spp. for management of insects, nematodes and plant diseases

“…Some Lecanicillium spp. strains are known to produce toxic metabolites in vitro, which may be implicated in the ability of the fungus to overcome its host (Claydon and Grove, 1982;Gindin et al, 1994).…”

Effects of fungal culture filtrates of Verticillium lecanii (Lecanicillium spp.) hybrid strains on Heterodera glycines eggs and juveniles

“…Many nematode-antagonistic fungi produce secondary metabolites and enzymes that demonstrate toxicity against plant-parasitic nematodes Meyer et al, 2004;Nitao et al, 1999Nitao et al, , 2001Nitao et al, , 2002Anke et al, 1995;Hallmann and Sikora, 1996;Bonants et al, 1995), and it was hypothesized that V. lecanii produced a natural substance that could affect egg viability (Meyer and Wergin, 1998). While it has been reported that certain insecticidal secondary metabolites or enzymes are produced by V. lecanii (Kanaoka et al, 1997;Soman et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2005;Butt, 2002;Claydon and Grove, 1982;Jackson et al, 1985;Liu et al, 2003), secondary metabolites or enzymes with nematode-antagonistic properties are not as well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the toxic effects of fungal culture filtrates of hybrid strains of V. lecanii on eggs and juveniles of SCN, and to compare the toxicity of the hybrid strains with that of their parental strains.…”

Carbon distribution and redirection of metabolism in Paecilomyces fumosoroseus during solid-state and liquid fermentations

“…fumosoroseus Pfrd produced more DPA and OXA than any other entomopathogenic fungi. For example, a virulent high DPA producer Verticillium lecanii strain, grown vigorously in Czapek-Dox medium in a surface culture, produced only 0.001 g/l DPA after 96 h and 0.133 g/l DPA after 672 h but biomass was not reported [1]. Likewise, OXA-hyper producing mutants of Beauveria bassiana grown in SSF with 1% (w/v) grasshopper cuticle medium reached oxalate levels between 0.075 and 0.104 g/l, unfortunately biomass data are not available [33], while a wild strain of Metarhizium anisopliae cultivated in a liquid medium, containing yeast extract produced 0.23 g/l of OXA (0.072 g/g biomass) [34].…”

“…For instance, DPA and OXA are insecticidal metabolites [1,2] produced by several fungi including Paecilomyces fumosoroseus [3,4], one of the most infective fungal biocontrol agents against the whitefly Bemisia sp. [5,6].…”