Insecticidal efficacy of nanomaterials used to control mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 with special reference to their hepatotoxicity in rats

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a novel methodology for controlling the mosquito larvae using different nanoparticles, with special reference to their effect on rats (a non-target mammalian model). The mosquito species of Culexquinquefasciatus was reared in the laboratory. Chitosan; silver nanoparticles and their combination as well as lavender (Lavandula officinalis) nanoemulsion with different concentrations were tested as biological insecticides against the mosquito larvae. Mammalian toxicity of the used nanoparticles were evaluated using twenty seven adult male rats, experimental rats were divided into nine equal groups (n = 3). The nanoparticles were added to the drinking water for 30 days. At the end of the study, blood and tissue samples were collected to assess the levels of the serum ALT and AST, different genes expression as Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1β activity. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies using two markers (TNF-α and BAX expression) were also applied. The LC50 and LC90 were recorded for each tested nanoparticles, also the changes of the treated mosquito larvae cuticle were assessed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Conclusion: green nanoemulsion (Lavandula officinalis) was more effective than metal (silver) or even biodegradable (chitosan) nanoparticles in controlling of Culexquiquefasciatus mosquito larvae, and also it proved its safety by evaluation of the mammalian hepatotoxicity of the tested nanoparticles.

Potential application of chitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles for simultaneous control of dengue virus and mosquito vectors

“…Highly microbial efficacy of chitosan stabilized AgNPs has been proved and applied in medical devices such as catheters and wound dressings [16][17][18]. Recently, the mosquitocidal properties of chitosan stabilized AgNPs have been examined and surprisingly, high efficacy has been observed against both larval and adult of Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus [19][20][21][22][23]. Obviously, chitosan stabilized AgNPs have highly inhibitory efficacy against a wide range of microbes and mosquitos, however, their antiviral ability against dengue virus has scarcely discussed.…”

Modulation of the Morphological Architecture of Mn2O3 Nanoparticles to MnCoO Nanoflakes by Loading Co3+ Via a Co-Precipitation Approach for Mosquitocidal Development

“…Additionally, the treated pupa of C. pipiens with Mn 2 O 3 showed different malformations and accumulations of nanostructure in the puparium, particularly in mesothoracic (MW) and metathoracic (MtW) wings ( Figure 9 a–d). For MnCoO treatment, the malformation was observed in the abdominal segment and especially in the intersegmental membrane (IM), genital lobe (Gl), paddle (Pa), and midrib (Mr), as they showed a high aggregation of nanoparticles ( Figure 10 a–e) which may be the reason for pupal death [ 61 ]. The nanostructure compounds directly impact epidermal cells responsible for producing enzymes and the cuticular oxidation process.…”

Larvicidal Effect of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Essential Oil Nanoemulsion on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…quinquefasciatus larvae. Through scanning microscopy, changes and cuticle stiffening were observed in the larvae exposed to a lavender nanoemulsion and chitosan nanoparticles [ 56 ]. Changes in the integument can damage the larvae’s internal organs.…”