Insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth and pirimiphos-methyl against phosphine-susceptible and phosphine-resistant populations of two stored product beetle species
“…The levels of resistance in Turkey call for the use of an effective resistance monitoring program that contributes to fumigation operators to make decisions whether or not to use PH 3 in a given situation. Further work is required to continue monitoring for PH 3 resistance in Turkey, to determine strategies to manage resistance to PH 3 and to develop or use alternative fumigants such as sulfuryl fluoride, where PH 3 resistance has developed to very high levels (Opit, Thoms, Phillips & Payton, 2016) and also inert dusts, such as diatomoceus earth can be alternative for resistant strains (Korunic, 1998;Conceição, Faroni, Sousa, Pimentel, & Freitas, 2012;Sakka & Athanassiou, 2021).…”
In this study, the status of phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.,1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations collected from Şanlıurfa, Adana and Kahramanmaraş province in Turkey were investigated by conducting the discriminating concentration tests and the concentration–mortality bioassays. Low (0.04 mg/L) and high (0.20 mg/L) discriminating concentration tests indicated that there was phosphine resistance of S. oryzae. The survival rates of field population of S. oryzae in Şanlıurfa, Adana and Kahramanmaraş ranged from 0 to 99%, 0 to 90% and 0 to 89% at the low discriminating concentration while it ranged from 0 to 83%, 0 to 46.5% and 0 to 28.5% at the high discriminating concentration respectively. Based on 50% mortality level (LC50), the Şanlıurfa 4, Adana 7 and Kahramanmaraş 8 populations were 57.5, 28.9, and 16.3 times more resistant, respectively, than the susceptible population (Kahramanmaraş 4). In conclusion, this study revealed that phosphine resistance in S. oryzae is high in the examined areas of Turkey and some populations have levels of resistance that may pose challenges to the continued use of phosphine for their management.
“…The levels of resistance in Turkey call for the use of an effective resistance monitoring program that contributes to fumigation operators to make decisions whether or not to use PH 3 in a given situation. Further work is required to continue monitoring for PH 3 resistance in Turkey, to determine strategies to manage resistance to PH 3 and to develop or use alternative fumigants such as sulfuryl fluoride, where PH 3 resistance has developed to very high levels (Opit, Thoms, Phillips & Payton, 2016) and also inert dusts, such as diatomoceus earth can be alternative for resistant strains (Korunic, 1998;Conceição, Faroni, Sousa, Pimentel, & Freitas, 2012;Sakka & Athanassiou, 2021).…”
In this study, the status of phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.,1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations collected from Şanlıurfa, Adana and Kahramanmaraş province in Turkey were investigated by conducting the discriminating concentration tests and the concentration–mortality bioassays. Low (0.04 mg/L) and high (0.20 mg/L) discriminating concentration tests indicated that there was phosphine resistance of S. oryzae. The survival rates of field population of S. oryzae in Şanlıurfa, Adana and Kahramanmaraş ranged from 0 to 99%, 0 to 90% and 0 to 89% at the low discriminating concentration while it ranged from 0 to 83%, 0 to 46.5% and 0 to 28.5% at the high discriminating concentration respectively. Based on 50% mortality level (LC50), the Şanlıurfa 4, Adana 7 and Kahramanmaraş 8 populations were 57.5, 28.9, and 16.3 times more resistant, respectively, than the susceptible population (Kahramanmaraş 4). In conclusion, this study revealed that phosphine resistance in S. oryzae is high in the examined areas of Turkey and some populations have levels of resistance that may pose challenges to the continued use of phosphine for their management.
“…Moreover, Agrafioti et al (2019), in a series of samplings from Greece, found that from the eight populations of stored product beetles that had been sampled from different types of facilities, eight were recorded as Responsible Editor: Giovanni Benelli resistant to phosphine. These works, along with many others from Australia (Cato et al 2017;Afful et al 2018), the USA (Gautam et al 2020), China (Song et al 2011;Huang et al 2019), Morocco (Benhalima et al 2004), Pakistan (Wakil et al 2021), and elsewhere constitute essentially the need to investigate measures to mitigate this phenomenon, considering the importance of this gas for global agricultural trade and food security (Gautam et al 2020;Sakka et al 2020a;Sakka and Athanassiou 2021b).…”
The aim of this work was to investigate the population growth of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) with two populations with different susceptibility to phosphine (one resistant and one susceptible). Population growth was recorded on different days (35 days, 50 days, 65 days, 80 days, 95 days, and 110 days) in two different commodities: (a) mixed food consisted of wheat flour (10 parts) + cornmeal (10 parts) + brewers’ yeast (1.5 parts) and (b) wheat flour. Our results clearly indicate that both populations preferred mixed food compared to wheat flour for all combinations tested. Moreover, the increase in temperature from 25 to 30 °C showed a positive effect in some combinations in the population growth of both populations. In general, we found some differences in the production of offspring between the susceptible and the resistant population. Based on the results of the present study, population growth may provide critical information for the fitness advantages or disadvantages of each population.
“…Around 10-20% of the Egyptian wheat grain production is lost due to insect pests and climate change during the traditional storage (Matouk et al, 2017;Yigezu et al, 2021). Climate change and the negative impact of chemical insecticides on humans and the environment have led to the search for natural alternatives in developing countries (Sakka and Athanassiou, 2021). The use of synthetic pesticides to meet the extensive requirements for protecting stored cereals may cause resistance in insect inhabitants (Agrafioti and Athanassiou, 2018;Yigezu et al, 2021).…”
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L., is a destructive internal feeder in stored grains of strategic crops in Egypt. Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a natural substance as a physical method free of toxic residues in the storage ecosystem. A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the impact of diatomaceous earth (DE) on the Sitophilus oryzae L. as well as on wheat seed germination. Various concentrations of DE were selected at 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 mg in addition to the control treatment without DE. Mortalities in S. oryzae adults reached 100% at rates of 11 and 13 mg DE after 6 th and 7 th days of adult exposure compared to 0% mortality recorded in untreated grains. Furthermore, the treated grains with DE at 0.25 and 0.5 mg within 1 st and 2 nd days of exposure were unable to protect the stored grains against S. oryzae,while the seventh day of exposure had effective results of protection. Seed germination was only tested on the treated wheat grains within 7 days of exposure. Results indicated that the germination rate was accelerated as it reached 99% at higher doses of DE (11 and 13 mg) compared to 53% in the untreated seeds. Agro-morphological characters of tested seeds were also highly improved. The seedling length reached 59.41 cm compared with 24.30 cm for untreated seeds. The seedling Vigor index at 13 mg DE was greater (5881.59) than the control (1287.9). The present work demonstrated the effectiveness of DE at 13 mg DE/100g on the 7 th day of release to combat rice weevil in cereals storage environments on a sustainable basis. DE was found to be an ecofriendly physical method for sustainable pest management in the wheat storage ecosystem.
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