Insect Transmission of Plant Single-Stranded DNA Viruses

Abstract

Of the approximately 1,200 plant virus species that have been described to date, nearly one-third are single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses, and all are transmitted by insect vectors. However, most studies of vector transmission of plant viruses have focused on RNA viruses. All known plant ssDNA viruses belong to two economically important families, Geminiviridae and Nanoviridae, and in recent years, there have been increased efforts to understand whether they have evolved similar relationship with their respective insect vectors. This review describes the current understanding of ssDNA virus–vector interactions, including how these viruses cross insect vector cellular barriers, the responses of vectors to virus circulation, the possible existence of viral replication within insect vectors, and the three-way virus–vector–plant interactions. Despite recent breakthroughs in our understanding of these viruses, many aspects of plant ssDNA virus transmission remain elusive. More effort is needed to identify insect proteins that mediate the transmission of plant ssDNA viruses and to understand the complex virus–insect–plant three-way interactions in the field during natural infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 66 is January 11, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Virus‐induced phytohormone dynamics and their effects on plant–insect interactions

“…The case studies available to date indicate that the effects of viruses on phytohormones and plant–insect interactions vary with many genetic and environmental variables (Mauck et al ., 2012; Eigenbrode et al ., 2018). We are at the beginning of unraveling the underlying behavioral, physiological and molecular mechanisms that dictate these interactions (Wang & Blanc, 2021). Any breakthrough in this area of study will require a multidisciplinary and integrated approach.…”

Roles of Bacterial Symbionts in Transmission of Plant Virus by Hemipteran Vectors

“…Subsequently, they infect gut epithelial cells, are released into the hemocoel, invade hemocytes, the salivary glands, and other tissues/organs, including nervous systems and reproductive systems (Hogenhout et al, 2008;Wei and Li, 2016;Wilson et al, 2020). The vector insects transmit the plant viruses to healthy plant hosts during the course of sucking plant sap (Blanc et al, 2014;Wei and Li, 2016;Wang and Blanc, 2021). Viruses that replicate in insect bodies are referred to as persistent propagative viruses, while those that do not are referred to as persistent circulative viruses (Hogenhout et al, 2008).…”

Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects

“…Some species of the Bemisia tabaci whitefly complex are pests of many crops worldwide [5,6]. Whitefly feeding on crops may result in reduced plant vigor and physiological perturbation; more importantly, whiteflies can transmit many plant viruses belonging to the genera Begomovirus (Geminiviridae), Crinivirus (Closteroviridae), Torradovirus (Secoviridae), among others [7][8][9]. Aphids represent a serious challenge for the sustainable production of many important cereal and vegetable crops; they can remove plant sap, secret phytotoxic salivary components and transmit viruses such as potyviruses [10].…”