Insect Thermoperiodism

Beck, Stanley D.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.28.010183.000515

Cited by 208 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…However, the rhythm also persisted in the constant dark (and temperature) regime, possibly because larval growth up to the third instar occurred in a 12: 12 photoperiod regime or the cabinets were not completely sealed to external light. Discussion B. anynana is highly sensitive to thermoperiod, like many other insects (Hagstrum and Hagstrum, 1970;Hagstrum and Leach, 1973;Beck, 1983;Behrens et al, 1983). Development time shortens and growth rate increases as the amplitude of the thermoperiod increases.…”

Section: Feeding Activitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Matching field and laboratory environments: effects of neglecting daily temperature variation on insect reaction norms

Brakefield

Mazzotta

1995

J of Evolutionary Biology

103

100

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The tropical butterfly, Bicyclus anynana, exhibits seasonal polyphenism. The wet season form has large eyespots and a pale band while these characters are much less conspicuous or absent in the dry season form. This plasticity is induced in the laboratory by use of a standard series of constant temperatures in the larval stage yielding a continuous norm of reaction. Butterflies in this study were reared from hatchling larvae in seven regimes which differed with respect to thermoperiod or photoperiod.The effect of rearing treatment on the phenotypic plasticity of the adult wing pattern, on life history traits and on larval feeding rhythms was investigated. Photoperiod had little effect except that constant light produced a higher mortality and tended to produce a longer development time. Thermoperiod had a major effect on the life history traits in comparison to a constant temperature regime with the same daily mean: development time was shorter with higher growth rates. The faster development was associated with a substantial shift in the wing pattern towards the wet season form. Larvae feed mostly at night both under constant and thermoperiod (cool nights) conditions. The results are discussed with respect to the necessity of matching field and laboratory environments in studies of norms of reaction or of life history traits where the adaptive significance of the variation is important. Fluctuating conditions in nature, especially with respect to thermoperiod, must be taken into account. 560Brakefield and Mazzotta

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Section: Feeding Activitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Matching field and laboratory environments: effects of neglecting daily temperature variation on insect reaction norms

Brakefield

Mazzotta

1995

J of Evolutionary Biology

103

100

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“…In addition, under a thermorhythm it was slightly higher than at constant temperatures. Such a stimulating effect of alternating temperatures on the rate of egg maturation is recorded for various insect species (Beck, 1983;Ratte, 1985). Noteworthy is the observation that parasitizing females had markedly fewer mature eggs in their ovaries than females that delayed oviposition.…”

Section: Fecundity and Number Of Mature Eggs In Ovariesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…reach a maximum at a certain optimal temperature and more or less symmetrically decrease toward both lower and upper limits of tolerance, moderate thermoperiods produce somewhat "better" results than the mean temperatures (Beck, 1983;Ratte, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This dependence is usually linear except at the upper extreme where the rate decreases and the response curve is markedly asymmetrical (Ratte, 1985;Hon k & Kocourek, 1990;Brière et al, 1999). The rate of development under a thermoperiod is usually equal or slightly higher than that at its mean effective temperature (Beck, 1983;Ratte, 1985). The intensity of various behavioural and physiological processes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of temperature on the reproduction and development of Trichogramma buesi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Reznik¹,

Войнович²,

Vaghina³

2009

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. At emergence females of Trichogramma had a lot of mature eggs in their ovaries, but some delayed parasitization or refused to parasitize a laboratory host. The effect of constant and alternating temperatures on the percentage of Trichogramma buesi females parasitizing Sitotroga cerealella eggs and the duration of the pre-parasitization period were investigated. The temperature dependencies of the rate of preimaginal development, pre-emergence survival, number of eggs laid daily, and total lifetime fecundity were also determined. As the temperature was increased from 12 to 35°C, the median pre-oviposition period decreased from 5 days to 3 h, with maximum values of 24 and 1.5 days, respectively. The rate of induction of parasitization (reciprocal of duration of the pre-parasitization period of the females that parasitized) increased with temperature like the rate of preimaginal development and average number of eggs laid daily by a parasitizing female. Total cumulative percentage of parasitizing females reached a maximum (ca 60%) at temperatures of 25-30°C, while at 12 and 35°C, respectively, 25 and 50% of females parasitized the S. cerealella eggs. Average lifetime fecundity and pre-emergence survival showed a similar dependence on temperature. The influence of the thermorhythm (25°C for 4 h and 15°C for 20 h) was strongly dependent on its position within the photoperiod. When thermophase coincided with photophase, the percentage of females that parasitized was close to that recorded at a constant temperature of 25°C. But when the high temperature pulse coincided with the dark period, the percentage of parasitizing females was the same as at 15°C. Thus, the temperature dependence of ethogenesis (supposedly, an increase in motivation to parasitize or search for a host) in Trichogramma females was similar to that of morphogenesis, although the reaction to alternating temperatures may have been complicated by interaction with the light : dark regime.

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“…The annual photoperiodic (number of daylight X number of dark hours) and temperature cycles are important synchronization agents of the seasonal and circannual rhythms of a large number of species (Bünning, 1967;Beck, 1980;Saunders, 1982;Tauber et al, 1986;Lenga, 1991;Tauber & Kyriacou, 2001). The combination of both photo-and thermoperiods undoubtedly has a powerful effect on the processes of ecological adaptation in a large variety of species (Beck, 1983;Tauber & Kyriacou, 2001). Additionally, rainfall and drought cycles in the tropics may also influence the annual rhythms of the organisms there (Wolda & Roubik, 1986;Hepburn & Radloff, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between visiting bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) and flowers of Ludwigia elegans (Camb.) hara (Onagraceae) during the year in two different areas in São Paulo, Brazil

Gimenes

2003

Braz. J. Biol.

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This study was designed to characterize the interactions between Ludwigia elegans flowers and visiting bees during two years in two areas 200 km apart, at the same latitude (approximately 22º48'S) but at different altitudes (Alumínio, 600 m, and Campos do Jordão, 1500 m), in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. As these flowers open simultaneously in the morning and lose their petals by sunset, interaction with bees occurs only during the photophase. Flowers of L. elegans were mainly visited by bees, the most frequent species being: Tetraglossula anthracina (Michener, 1989) (Colletidae), Rhophitulus sp. (Andrenidae), and Pseudagapostemon spp. (Halictidae), all considered specialized bees for collecting pollen and nectar from these flowers, as well as the generalist bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Apidae). The specialist bees were temporally adjusted to the opening schedule of the flower, which occurs primarily in the morning, but shows a circannual variation. T. anthracina appears in both study areas, but only between December and April. The annual activity patterns of these specialist bees are synchronized to the phenology of L. elegans. Photoperiod and temperature cycles are suggested as the main synchronizers of both bees and plants.

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Insect Thermoperiodism

Cited by 208 publications

References 0 publications

Matching field and laboratory environments: effects of neglecting daily temperature variation on insect reaction norms

Matching field and laboratory environments: effects of neglecting daily temperature variation on insect reaction norms

Effect of temperature on the reproduction and development of Trichogramma buesi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Interaction between visiting bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) and flowers of Ludwigia elegans (Camb.) hara (Onagraceae) during the year in two different areas in São Paulo, Brazil

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