Insect-Specific Flaviviruses from Culex Mosquitoes in Colorado, with Evidence of Vertical Transmission

Bolling, Bethany G.; Eisen, Lars; Moore, Chester G.; Blair, Carol D.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0474

Cited by 111 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The most closely related viruses based on amino acid sequence homologies for the NS5 region (CxFV, CFAV, and KRV) exhibit less similarity to CLBOV when assessed at the nucleotide level. 19 These results indicate that although CLBOVs are related to other insect-specific flaviviruses, they may represent a distinct clade based on amino acid comparisons ( Figure 2 ) and nucleotide comparisons, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Clade 3 contains the sequences from a second Manitoba pool (44-13) and a Calbertado isolate from Colorado (5901). 19 Alberta sequences 1024, 1055, and 11 grouped outside the three clades and exhibited characteristics common to Clades 1 and 2 because of the mixture of genotypes identified ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Initial screening of mosquito homogenates for flavivirus genomes was carried out by using universal flavivirus primers CFD2 and MAMD and other primer sets specific for the NS5 coding region of the RNA. [18][19][20] The RT-PCRs were performed by using the QIAGEN One-Step RT-PCR Kit in a total volume of 50 μL. Reaction mixtures followed kit instructions and contained 10 μL of 5× RT-PCR buffer, 2 μL of 10 mM dNTP, 5 μL of template RNA, 1.5 μL (20 mM) of each forward and reverse universal primers, 0.125 μL (40 units/μL of RNaseOUT (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), 2 μL of One-…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Phylogenetic Comparisons of a Novel Mosquito Flavivirus Sequence Present in Culex tarsalis Mosquitoes from Western Canada with Viruses Isolated in California and Colorado

Tyler

Bolling

Blair

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In a previous study, a new flavivirus genome sequence was identified in Culex tarsalis mosquitoes obtained in Alberta, Canada and was shown to be genetically related to but distinct from members of the insect-specific flaviviruses. Nonstructural protein 5-encoding sequences amplified from Cx. tarsalis pools from western Canada have shown a high similarity to genome sequences of novel flaviviruses isolated from mosquitoes in California and Colorado. Despite wide distribution of this virus, designated Calbertado virus, strains demonstrate a high degree of nonstructural protein 5 nucleotide (> 90%) and amino acid (> 97%) identity. The ecology and geographic range of Calbertado virus warrants further study because it may potentially influence transmission of mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including important human pathogens such as West Nile and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Phylogenetic Comparisons of a Novel Mosquito Flavivirus Sequence Present in Culex tarsalis Mosquitoes from Western Canada with Viruses Isolated in California and Colorado

Tyler

Bolling

Blair

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Vertical transmission has been reported previously with other insect-specific flaviviruses, based on the detection of viral RNA in adults reared from field-caught immature stages 16,33 and in fieldcollected male mosquitoes. 17,19,32,35 When laboratory colonies are established from wild-caught mosquitoes or stocks are obtained from other laboratory colonies, especially eggs, it is generally assumed that the emerging adults are "pathogen-free." However, as the results of this study show, that may not be a valid assumption, because the mosquitoes may be infected with insect-specific viruses, which may not be detrimental to the mosquitoes, but may interfere with other types of viruses being tested in the colonies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now apparent that these viruses are widespread in nature and that many are probably maintained by vertical transmission. [16][17][18][19] Some studies also suggest that superinfection exclusion (cells infected with one virus are refractory to infection by a second related virus) may occur between some insectspecific viruses and pathogenic arboviruses, 20,21 altering the vector competence of the mosquito host. In vivo and in vitro studies investigating interactions between two insect-specific flaviviruses (Culex flavivirus [CxFV] 20, 22 and Palm Creek virus [PCV] 21 ) with West Nile virus (WNV), have shown modulation of WNV replication and dissemination in dually infected mosquitoes, suggesting that some insect-specific viruses may alter the mosquito's ability to serve as a competent vector for certain pathogenic arboviruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect-Specific Viruses Detected in Laboratory Mosquito Colonies and Their Potential Implications for Experiments Evaluating Arbovirus Vector Competence

Bolling¹,

Vasilakis²,

Guzmán³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in the detection and characterization of insect-specific viruses in field-collected mosquitoes. Evidence suggests that these viruses are ubiquitous in nature and that many are maintained by vertical transmission in mosquito populations. Some studies suggest that the presence of insect-specific viruses may inhibit replication of a super-infecting arbovirus, thus altering vector competence of the mosquito host. Accordingly, we screened our laboratory mosquito colonies for insect-specific viruses. Pools of colony mosquitoes were homogenized and inoculated into cultures of Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells. The infected cells were examined by electron microscopy and deep sequencing was performed on RNA extracts. Electron micrograph images indicated the presence of three different viruses in three of our laboratory mosquito colonies. Potential implications of these findings for vector competence studies are discussed.

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Impact of transmission cycles and vector competence on global expansion and emergence of arboviruses

2017

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Arboviruses are transmitted between arthropod vectors and vertebrate host. Arboviral infection in mosquitoes is initiated when a mosquito feeds on a viremic host. Following ingestion of a viremic blood meal by mosquitoes, virus enters midgut along with the blood, infects and replicates in midgut epithelial cells, and then escapes to the hemocoel, from where it disseminates to various secondary organs including salivary glands. Subsequently, when mosquito bites another host, a new transmission cycle is initiated. The midgut and salivary glands act as anatomical barriers to virus infection and escape. These complex interactions between the virus and vector dictate the vector competence. Thus, vector competence reflects the success in overcoming different barriers within the vector. Along with these, other intrinsic factors like midgut microbiota and immune responses, extrinsic factors like temperature and humidity, and genetic factors like vector genotype and viral genotype have been discussed in this review. Recent advancement on novel molecular tools to study vector competence is also included. Different modes of arboviral transmission like horizontal, vertical, and venereal and how these play role in sustenance and emergence of arboviruses in nature are also discussed. These factors can be exploited to reduce the susceptibility of vectors for the viruses, so as to control arboviral diseases to certain extent.

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Insect-Specific Flaviviruses from Culex Mosquitoes in Colorado, with Evidence of Vertical Transmission

Cited by 111 publications

References 38 publications

Distribution and Phylogenetic Comparisons of a Novel Mosquito Flavivirus Sequence Present in Culex tarsalis Mosquitoes from Western Canada with Viruses Isolated in California and Colorado

Distribution and Phylogenetic Comparisons of a Novel Mosquito Flavivirus Sequence Present in Culex tarsalis Mosquitoes from Western Canada with Viruses Isolated in California and Colorado

Insect-Specific Viruses Detected in Laboratory Mosquito Colonies and Their Potential Implications for Experiments Evaluating Arbovirus Vector Competence

Impact of transmission cycles and vector competence on global expansion and emergence of arboviruses

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