Insect Resistant Cotton Plants

Perlak, Frederick J.; Deaton, Randy W.; Armstrong, Toni A.; Fuchs, Roy L.; Sims, Steven R.; Greenplate, John T.; Fischhoff, David A.

doi:10.1038/nbt1090-939

Cited by 479 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Reverse transcriptase-PCR with the total RNA isolated from the electroporated protoplast indicated that, in the case of unmodified cryIAb, there are two exon͞intron donors (gt) and two intron͞exon acceptors (ag) lying beyond 1350 bp in the cryIAb gene that result in generation of shorter transcripts when compared with the modified cryIAb gene, where the sequence around gt has been altered. Both the native as well as the modified cryIAc gene of Perlak et al (7) in the same region contained four such intron͞exon acceptors (ag) and eight and seven exon͞intron donors (gt), respectively. Site detection analysis was carried out with the help of the PCGENE program, where the cutoff values for exon͞intron (donor) junctions and intron͞exon (acceptor) junctions were set at Ϫ15 and Ϫ22, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic elite indica rice plants expressing CryIAc ∂-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis are resistant against yellow stem borer ( Scirpophaga incertulas )

Nayak

Basu²,

Das³

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

218

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Generation of insect-resistant, transgenic crop plants by expression of the insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a standard crop improvement approach. In such cases, adequate expression of the most appropriate ICP against the target insect pest of the crop species is desirable. It is also considered advantageous to generate Bt-transgenics with multiple toxin systems to control rapid development of pest resistance to the ICP. Larvae of yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas, a major lepidopteran insect pest of rice, cause massive losses of rice yield. Studies on insect feeding and on the binding properties of ICP to brush border membrane receptors in the midgut of YSB larvae revealed that cryIAb and cryIAc are two individually suitable candidate genes for developing YSB-resistant rice. Programs were undertaken to develop Bt-transgenic rice with these ICP genes independently in a single cultivar. A cryIAc gene was reconstructed and placed under control of the maize ubiquitin 1 promoter, along with the first intron of the maize ubiquitin 1 gene, and the nos terminator. The gene construct was delivered to embryogenic calli of IR64, an elite indica rice cultivar, using the particle bombardment method. Six highly expressive independent transgenic ICP lines were identified. Molecular analyses and insect-feeding assays of two such lines revealed that the transferred synthetic cryIAc gene was expressed stably in the T 2 generation of these lines and that the transgenic rice plants were highly toxic to YSB larvae and lessened the damage caused by their feeding.Technologies of plant cell biology and molecular biology have attracted much attention because they provide a powerful and novel means to supplement as well as complement the traditional methods of crop improvement. The transgenic approach of plant genetic engineering provides access to an unlimited gene pool for the transfer of desirable genes between any two species of interest, irrespective of their evolutionary or taxonomic relation. The successful generation of transgenic insectresistant crop plants by transferring the insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt; refs. 1-8), a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, is one of the major breakthroughs in crop science that the new genetics has provided.indica rice is one of the most important food crops (9) of the world. There are half a dozen different species of lepidopteran insects whose larvae bore into the tissue of rice plants, and the resultant damage causes massive yield losses (10). Yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas, is most certainly the major contributor to these losses. The first-stage YSB larvae cut small holes in the stem of the paddy plant and enter the plant tissue, remaining there for the rest of their lives as larvae and pupae. The larvae feed voraciously inside the stem, providing themselves complete protection against chemical pesticides. There are no known resistance genes in rice (11) that can be rea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic elite indica rice plants expressing CryIAc ∂-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis are resistant against yellow stem borer ( Scirpophaga incertulas )

Nayak

Basu²,

Das³

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

218

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“…To increase the expression level of the Bt genes in transgenic plants, Bt genes have been extensively modified, fused to highly efficient promoters and introduced into tobacco (Perlak et al 1991, Sutton et al 1992, tomato (Perlak et al 1991), potato (Adang et al 1993), cotton (Perlak et al 1990), rice (Fujimoto et al 1993) and maize (Koziel et al 1993). To achieve a high expression of these prokaryotic genes in higher plants, modification of the coding sequence, such as removal of ATTTA sequences and use of the preferred codons, was undertaken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modification of the coding sequences successfully enhanced plant expression of Bt genes (Perlak et al 1990, Sutton et al 1992, Adang et al 1993, Koziel et al 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Resistance in Transgenic Chrysanthemum [Dendranthema * grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura] by the Introduction of a Modified .DELTA.-endotoxin Gene of Bacillus thuringiensis

Shinoyama¹,

Komano²,

Nomura³

et al. 2003

Breed. Sci.

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“…Koul et al, 2014 Total larval mortality of 2 insect pests (Trichoplusia ni and Spodoptera exigua ) and high levels of plant protection have been observed on transgenic cotton plants expressing cry1Ac or cry1Ab genes from Bt var Kurstaki (HD-1 and HG-73, respectively). Perlak et al, 1990 Different cry toxins (cry1Ab, cry1ac or cry1B) have also been expressed in cereal crops like rice Cheng, Sardana, Kaplan, Altosaar 1998;Datta et al, 1998;Breitler 2001, Khanna, Raina 2002Ramesh, Nagadhara, Reddy, Rao 2004, maize Bohorova et al, 1999Armstrong 1995, Koziel et al, 1993and sorghum.Girijashankar et al, 2005 According to the reports, up to 100% larval mortality of the target insect pests as well as substantially reduced plant damage was observed on the transgenic plants of these crops.…”

Section: Insect Resistance Evaluation Of the Cry1ac Transgenic Pea Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bravo et al, 2011 In line with this gap, we have reported the successful development of transgenic pea lines expressing cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. Negawo et al, 2013 The cry1Ac gene Cheng, Sardana, Kaplan, Altosaar 1998;Sardana 1996 is one of the commonly used Bt cry genes to develop transgenic lines in many plant species such as tobacco, cotton, maize, soybean, tomato and rice, Cheng, Sardana, Kaplan, Altosaar 1998;Perlak 1990;Bohorova 1999;Stewart Jr CN 1996;Mandaokar et al, 2000 to become resistant to Lepidopteran pests. Hofte, Whiteley 1998;Crickmore 1998 Lepidopteran insect pests belong to the major pests of pea and many other legume species as they cause significant yield losses under field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and functional characterization ofcry1Actransgenic pea lines

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. Transgenic pea lines transformed with the cry1Ac gene were characterized at molecular (PCR, RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and immunostrip assay) and functional levels (leaf paint and insect feeding bioassays). The results showed the presence, expression, inheritance and functionality of the introduced transgene at different progeny levels. Variation in the expression of the cry1Ac gene was observed among the different transgenic lines. In the insect bioassay studies using the larvae of Heliothis virescens, both larval survival and plant damage were highly affected on the different transgenic plants. Up to 100 % larval mortality was observed on the transgenic plants compared to 17.42 % on control plants. Most of the challenged transgenic plants showed very negligible to substantially reduced feeding damage indicating the insect resistance of the developed transgenic lines. Further analysis under field condition will be required to select promising lines for future uses.

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Insect Resistant Cotton Plants

Cited by 479 publications

References 14 publications

Transgenic elite indica rice plants expressing CryIAc ∂-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis are resistant against yellow stem borer ( Scirpophaga incertulas )

Transgenic elite indica rice plants expressing CryIAc ∂-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis are resistant against yellow stem borer ( Scirpophaga incertulas )

Insect Resistance in Transgenic Chrysanthemum [Dendranthema * grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura] by the Introduction of a Modified .DELTA.-endotoxin Gene of Bacillus thuringiensis

Molecular and functional characterization ofcry1Actransgenic pea lines

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