Insect-Plant Interactions − Metabolism of Plant Compounds to Pheromones and Allomones by Lepidoptera and Leaf Beetles

Production and sex-pheromonal activity of alkaloid-derived androconial compounds in the danaine butterfly,Parantica sita(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae)

“…We thus conclude that the HD in P. sita males is 7 R ‐HD. This result is consistent with earlier studies of the arctiid moths; most arctiids produce 7 R ‐HD (a proven or presumed male sex pheromone) from PAs of host plant origin or those acquired from non‐host plants in the adult (Conner & Weller, ) and only 7 R ‐HD (hereafter referred to as HD, unless otherwise indicated) is hitherto known from the natural world (Schulz, ). The two dihydropyrrolizine components present in the androconial organs of P. sita are illustrated in Figure .…”

Synthetic Strategies towards the Azabicyclo[3.3.0]-Octane Core of Natural Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. An Overview

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Plant chemistry and insect sequestration

“…1, 5) are abundantly found in several genera of the Asteraceae and Boraginaceae, members of the Fabaceae and Orchidaceae and also occur in a few other plant families such as, for example, Apocynaceae (Hartmann and Witte 1995;Hartmann and Ober 2000). PAs are esters of a necine base (pyrrolizidine ring) with different necic acids (Schulz 1998). The large, diverse group of PAs (about 370 structures) is subdivided in five structural classes, the senecionine, triangularine, monocrotaline, lycopsamine and phalaenopsine type (Hartmann and Witte 1995).…”