INSECT PARASITES OF THE SADDLED PROMINENT, HETEROCAMPA GUTTIVITTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE), IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

Abstract

Can. Ent. 104: 1609Ent. 104: -1622Ent. 104: (1972 Samples of the egg, larval, and pupal stages of the saddled prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta (Walker), were obtained from infestations of this defoliator in six northeastern states. Seventeen species of primary parasites were recovered, 11 are new records for this host. A key to adult parasites is presented.Apparent parasitism of the egg stage by Telenomus coelodasidis Ashm. and Trichogramma minuturn Riley varied from 30 to 76% and 1 to 20% respectively. Aggregate apparent mortality ranged from 40 to 78%. As a rule, egg parasitism was highest in the upper crown of both sugar maple and beech. The developmental stages of parasitized eggs are described and illustrated.Two species of larval parasites were recovered: Phobocampe pallida (Cush.) from instar I11 and Eulophus anomocerus (Crawford) from instar V. Parasitism by each species was always less than 1%.Cratichneumon sublatus (Cress.) was the only pupal parasite found in all of the infestations examined. Parasitism ranged from 1 to 17% under outbreak conditions to as much as 32-57% the year following a collapse of the host population. A new species of Patelloa (Tachinidae) was recovered from pupae in Maine and New York. Parasitism by the latter ranged from 3 to 7%. Ten species of Ichneumonidae and one species of Sarcophagidae were also recovered from the pupae. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST October 1972 FIG. 1. Saddled prominent populations sampled in this study.

A Survey of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Forest Macrolepidoptera in the Central Appalachians

“…Considering the 42 primary hymenopteran parasitoid species reared from native macrolepidoptera, 32 (76%) species produced host records that were not previously reported. Of the 27 records previously reported in the literature, 10 (37%) were originally reported by Krombein et al (1979), and the remainder were reported by Allen (1972), Butler (1990Butler ( , 1993, Marsh andShaw (1998), andWhitÞeld et al (1999).…”

“…Natural and human impacts on populations of either parasitoids or their hosts may create an imbalance in these self-regulating systems. Most research on parasitoids of native forest macrolepidoptera has focused on outbreak species such as Alsophila pometaria (Harris) (Geometridae), Ennomos subsignarius (Hü bner), Heterocampa guttivitta (Walker) (Notodontidae), Hyphantria cunea Drury (Arctiidae), Malacosoma americanum (F.) (Lasiocampidae), Malacosoma disstria Hü bner, and Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough (Lymantriidae) (Kulman 1965;Stehr and Cook 1968;Allen 1972;Morris 1972Morris , 1976Fedde et al 1973;Anderson and Kaya 1976;Witter and Kulman 1979;Butler 1990;Parry 1995). A limited number of studies have addressed parasitoids of both outbreak and nonoutbreak forest macrolepidopteran species (Viereck 1916, Schaffner and Griswold 1934, Raizenne 1952, Wood and Butler 1991, Butler 1993, WhitÞeld et al 1999).…”

Population Collapses in a Forecasted Outbreak ofLambdina fiscellaria(Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Caused by Spring Egg Parasitism byTelenomusspp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

“…For instance, high levels of egg parasitism by Telenomus spp. have been associated with successful population control and even outbreak collapses of the fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harris) (Neilson andCuming 1958, Fedde et al 1973); the elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignarius (Hü bner) (Ciesla 1964(Ciesla , 1965; the shell moth Hydria prunivorata (Ferguson) (Schultz and Allen 1975); the oakworm Symmerista canicosta Franclemont (Anderson and Kaya 1977); and the saddled prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta (Walker) (Allen 1972). Defoliation caused by these species of Lepidoptera is mostly occasional and rarely results in tree mortality.…”

A Survey of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Forest Macrolepidoptera in the Central Appalachians

“…Percentage of total macrolepidopteran larvae col-species produced host records that were not previlected and percentage of reared macrolepidopteran larvae ously reported. Of the 27 records ~r e v i o u s l~ reported that were parasitized by hymenopteran parasitoids by sample in the literature, 10 (37%) were originally reported by date during the collection period May-August in 1995 and Krombein et al (1979), and the remainder were re-1996 in the Monongahela National Forest a d the George ported by Allen (1972), Butler (1990Butler ( , 1993 reported in North America in 1923 (Lacroix 1924, C. melanoscela is a non-native species first intro-Thomsen 1927). Krombein et al (1979) reported two duced into North America in 1911 for biological con-hosts from E, bicolor, whereas Butler (1993) reported trol of L. dispar, from which it is commonly recovered two additional hosts.…”

“…Natural and human impacts on populations of either parasitoids or their hosts may create an imbalance in these self-regulating systems. Most research on parasitoids of native forest macrolepidoptera has focused on outbreak species such as Alsophila pornetaria (Harris) (Geometridae), Ennornos subsignarius (Hubner) , Heterocampa guttivitta (Walker) (Notodontidae) , Hyphantria cunea Drury (Arctiidae) , Malacosoma americanum (F. ) (Lasiocampidae) , Malacosoma disstria Hubner, and Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough (Lymantriidae) (Kulman 1965;Stehr and Cook 1968;Allen 1972;Morris 1972Morris ,1976Fedde et al 1973;Anderson and Kaya 1976;Witter and Kul-man 1979;Butler 1990;Parry 1995). A limited number of studies have addressed parasitoids of both outbreak and nonoutbreak forest macrolepidopteran species (Viereck 1916, Schaffner and Griswold 1934, Raizenne 1952, Wood and Butler 1991, Butler 1993, Whitfield et al 1999.…”