Insect–malaria parasites interactions: the salivary gland

Rodrı́guez, Mario H.; Hernández-Hernández, Fidel de la Cruz

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.03.014

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…In the latter case they pass through the tubular heart to reach the salivary glands. The sporozoite then crosses the BM and the salivary gland epithelial cells, staying in the lumen of this gland until the mosquito injects them with saliva when taking a blood meal (Rodriguez and Hernández-Hernández, 2004; Mueller et al, 2010). Maier et al (1987) established five stages in the interaction of the malaria parasite with the host that could generate damage ( Figure 1 ): (1) exflagellation and ookinete development; (2) epithelial damage caused by the penetration of ookinetes; (3) competition for host metabolic products by the growing oocyst; (4) sporozoite migration; and (5) penetration of salivary gland cells by sporozoites.…”

Section: The Parasite’s Multiple Developmental Stages In Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury and immune response: applying the danger theory to mosquitoes

Moreno‐García¹,

Recio-Tótoro²,

Claudio-Piedras³

et al. 2014

Front. Plant Sci.

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The insect immune response can be activated by the recognition of both non-self and molecular by-products of tissue damage. Since pathogens and tissue damage usually arise at the same time during infection, the specific mechanisms of the immune response to microorganisms, and to tissue damage have not been unraveled. Consequently, some aspects of damage caused by microorganisms in vector-borne arthropods have been neglected. We herein reassess the Anopheles–Plasmodium interaction, incorporating Matzinger’s danger/damage hypothesis and George Salt’s injury assumptions. The invasive forms of the parasite cross the peritrophic matrix and midgut epithelia to reach the basal lamina and differentiate into an oocyst. The sporozoites produced in the oocyst are released into the hemolymph, and from there enter the salivary gland. During parasite development, wounds to midgut tissue and the basement membrane are produced. We describe the response of the different compartments where the parasite interacts with the mosquito. In the midgut, the response includes the expression of antimicrobial peptides, production of reactive oxygen species, and possible activation of midgut regenerative cells. In the basal membrane, wound repair mainly involves the production of molecules and the recruitment of hemocytes. We discuss the susceptibility to damage in tissues, and how the place and degree of damage may influence the differential response and the expression of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Knowledge about damage caused by parasites may lead to a deeper understanding of the relevance of tissue damage and the immune response it generates, as well as the origins and progression of infection in this insect–parasite interaction.

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Section: The Parasite’s Multiple Developmental Stages In Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury and immune response: applying the danger theory to mosquitoes

Moreno‐García¹,

Recio-Tótoro²,

Claudio-Piedras³

et al. 2014

Front. Plant Sci.

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, both sexes have salivary activities related to sugar feeding such as maltase and antimicrobial activity such as lysozyme, which prevents microbial growth in the sugar meals stored in the insect crop (Marinotti et al, 1990;Rodriguez and Hernandez-Hernandez, 2004;Rossignol and Lueders, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sialotranscriptome of adult male Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes

Calvo

Pham

Lombardo

et al. 2006

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…Recent evidence suggests that chemotaxis has a role [59]; however, other studies propose that this is a passive process, mediated solely by haemocoel circulation [60].…”

Section: Sporozoite Motility and Salivary Gland Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inside the cavity, disintegration of the vacuole frees the sporozoites, which migrate by gliding motility into the fine secretory ducts that then converge into the common ducts [70 ]. Only sporozoites that migrate to the ducts can be transmitted upon mosquito salivation; the vast majority of sporozoites, which are mainly found in the secretory cavities, are either stored for future bites or lost [60].…”

Section: Sporozoite Motility and Salivary Gland Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%