Insect larvae, Hermetia illucens in poultry by-product meal for barramundi, Lates calcarifer modulates histomorphology, immunity and resistance to Vibrio harveyi

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of replacement of fishmeal (FM) with poultry by-product (PBM) protein, supplemented with black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae on growth, histomormhology, immunity and resistance to Vibrio harveyi in juvenile barramundi. Two hundred and twenty five barramundi averaging 3.51 ± 0.03 g were randomly allocated into three groups and fed isonitrogenous and isocalorific diets containing different levels of PBM supplemented with HI as follows: Control (FM based diet), 45PBM + HI (45% PBM supplemented with 10% HI), and 90PBM + HI (90% PBM supplemented with 10% HI) for 6 weeks. Results showed that dietary inclusion of 45PBM + HI significantly improved the growth performance than control whereas growth inhibition occurred in the 90PBM + HI. The 45PBM + HI groups demonstrated significant increases in histometric measurements (villus and enterocyte width, and microvilli height) and acidic mucins. The impaired growth in 90PBM + HI groups was further associated with multifocal necrosis in the liver, an upregulation of the stress related genes (HSP70 and HSP90) and increase in the levels of liver enzymes. When 45PBM + HI was fed, survival against V. harveyi increased significantly and also an increase in serum immunity and immune-related genes in the head kidney was observed after infection.

Impact of varied combinatorial mixture of non-fishmeal ingredients on growth, metabolism, immunity and gut microbiota of Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) fry

“…Multiple studies have been carried out for testing the efficiency of alternatives for FM in L. calcarifer 32,[35][36][37] . The choice of raw ingredient is often guided by the ease and cost of availing it in bulk locally, however, with respect to impact assessment, growth parameters should not be the sole criterion for its selection, physiological factors like metabolism, immunity and gut microbial composition should also be taken into account while optimizing the inclusion range of a certain FM substitute.…”

“…The present study assessed the impact of four experimental diets customised by systematic inclusion of four FM substitutes-lupin kernel meal, BSF meal, TH and PBM on growth, metabolism, immunity and gut microflora of L. calcarifer juveniles. The raw ingredients chosen for this study have been studied earlier individually or in dual combination and have shown significant potential for inclusion in juvenile barramundi diet [36][37][38] . Upto 45% replacement of fish meal protein could be replaced by lupin meal without compromising growth and protein metabolism parameters 39 .…”

“…The fish fed on this diet also exhibited improved intestinal health and enhanced resistance to Streptococcus iniae infection. BSF-supplemented PBM could replace up to 45% FM in juvenile barramundi while improving growth, gut health and immune parameters 36 . In corroboration with the afore mentioned studies on juvenile barramundi, our study also vividly indicated that the complete replacement of fish meal from the diet of barramundi without adversely impacting its health and physiology is not advisable.…”

Total replacement of fishmeal with poultry by-product meal affected the growth, muscle quality, histological structure, antioxidant capacity and immune response of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer

“…In Australia, barramundi farming is heavily dependent on imported FM resulting in incurring around 40% diet related cost which is the main impediment to increase the profitability [10]. Hence, nutritional studies on barramundi have commenced since the 1980s [11] and many of the studies have dedicated to replacing the FM with rendered animal meals [7,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] or plant meals [12,13,[19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Antioxidant Status and Liver Function of Young Turkeys Receiving a Diet with Full-Fat Insect Meal from Hermetia illucens

“…Increased AST activity is often noted even in the case of minor hepatocyte damage, as well as in chronic liver disease [43]. Increased AST activity has also been reported by Chaklader et al [44], who used HI meal in the diet of Vibrio harveyi. In contrast, Marono et al [18] found that replacing soybean meal with HI meal in laying hens had no effect on AST activity.…”