Insect Injection and Artificial Feeding Bioassays to Test the Vector Specificity of Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma

Bressan, Alberto; Clair, Denis; Sémétey, Olivier; Boudon‐Padieu, E.

doi:10.1094/phyto-96-0790

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Furthermore, single individuals of M. pruinosa were found to be infected with various phytoplasma groups, such as apple proliferation phytoplasma and stolbur phytoplasma, both posted on the European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) A2 list of pests recommended for regulation and quarantine (Danielli et al 1996;EPPO 2007). So far, transmission of phytopathogens by M. pruinosa has not been verified (Bressan et al 2006). Chemical treatments and biological control have been used to combate this pest (Girolami and Conte 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host range testing of the nearctic beneficial parasitoid Neodryinus typhlocybae

Strauss

2008

BioControl

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Neodryinus typhlocybae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) is a natural enemy of the planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) (Hemiptera: Flatidae), introduced from North America into Europe and regionally established as a pest species. Prior to possible utilization of the parasitoid as a biocontrol agent in Austria, its potential negative impacts on eight native plant-and leaf-hopper species were examined in the laboratory. Non-target species were selected according to the following criteria (a) occurrence in Austria, (b) close phylogenetic relationship with M. pruinosa, (c) larvae free-living and surfacedwelling, (d) phenology, (e) larval size, (f) ecological similarity with M. pruinosa and (g) availability of sufficient numbers of individuals. The Auchenorrhyncha species Issus coleoptratus (Fabricius), Chloriona smaragdula (Stål), Conomelus anceps (Germar), Alebra wahlbergi (Boheman), Empoasca sp., Idiocerus stigmaticalis (Lewis), Macrosteles septemnotatus (Fallén) and Japananus hyalinus (Osborn) were chosen for testing. Larvae from both the target and the non-target species were offered separately to N. typhlocybae females in no-choice laboratory tests and all attacks, instances of host feeding and parasitizations were recorded. No nontarget species was attacked, fed upon or parasitized by N. typhlocybae, whereas M. pruinosa was attacked frequently. This study supports the assumption that the host range of N. typhlocybae is restricted to Flatidae, of which only the introduced species occurs in Austria. Direct negative effects on other Auchenorryncha species in Austria are therefore unlikely to occur.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host range testing of the nearctic beneficial parasitoid Neodryinus typhlocybae

Strauss

2008

BioControl

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“…variegatus (Boudon-Padieu et al 1989). Other deltocephaline species are also able to transmit FDP when mechanically injected with FDP extracts (Bressan et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Host Plant Determines the Phytoplasma Transmission Competence of Empoasca decipiens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Galetto¹,

Marzachı̀²,

Demichelis³

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

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Phytoplasmas are phloem-restricted plant pathogens transmitted by leafhoppers, planthoppers, and psyllids (Hemiptera). Most known phytoplasma vectors belong to the Cicadellidae, but many are still unknown. Within this family, Empoasca spp. (Typhlocybinae) have tested positive for the presence of some phytoplasmas, and phytoplasma transmission has been proven for one species. The aim of this work was to investigate the ability of Empoasca decipiens Paoli in transmitting chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma (CYP, "Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris", 16SrI-B) and Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDP, 16SrV-C) to Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousboe (tricolor daisy) and Viciafaba (L.) (broad bean). Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum, a known vector of CYP and FDP, was caged together with Em. decipiens on the same source plants as a positive control of acquisition. Em. decipiens acquired CYP from daisies, but not from broad beans, and inoculated the pathogen to daisies with alow efficiency, but not to broad beans. Em. decipiens did not acquire FDP from the broad bean source. Consistent with the low transmission rate, CYP was found in the salivary glands of very few phytoplasma-infected Em. decipiens, indicating these organs represent a barrier to phytoplasma colonization. In the same experiments, the vector Eu. variegatus efficiently acquired both phytoplasmas, and consistently CYP was detected in the salivary glands of most samples of this species. The identity of the CYP strain in leafhoppers and plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The CYP titer in Em. decipiens was monitored over time by real-time PCR. The damage caused by Em. decipiens feeding punctures was depicted. Differences in feeding behavior on different plant species may explain the different phytoplasma transmission capability. Em. decipiens proved to be an experimental vector of CYP.

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“…U. dioica is an important host plant for some endangered butterfly species (Inachis io L., Aglais urticae L., Araschnia levana L. and Vanessa atalanta L.), which could be indirectly affected through damage to their host plant. Individuals of M. pruinosa were found to be infested with different phytoplasma groups (Danielli et al 1996) but in transmission experiments M. pruinosa failed to transmit Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDP) and clover phyllody (Clair et al 2001;Bressan et al 2006). These results support the assumption that transmission of plant pathogens by M. pruinosa seems unlikely but this knowledge is based on only a few transmission tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%