Insect heart rhythmicity is modulated by evolutionarily conserved neuropeptides and neurotransmitters

Hillyer, Julián F.

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2018.06.002

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Strikingly, most of the stored trehalose during the larval stage is consumed during early metamorphosis 21 . In Drosophila, the tubular hearts and aorta, which lie along the dorsal side, function to transport body fluid directionally by pumping hemolymph forward in the body cavity 45,46 . Peristaltic muscular movements during locomotion also facilitate hemolymph movement during the larval period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trehalose metabolism confers developmental robustness and stability in Drosophila by regulating glucose homeostasis

Matsushita

Nishimura

2020

Commun Biol

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Organisms have evolved molecular mechanisms to ensure consistent and invariant phenotypes in the face of environmental fluctuations. Developmental homeostasis is determined by two factors: robustness, which buffers against environmental variations; and developmental stability, which buffers against intrinsic random variations. However, our understanding of these noise-buffering mechanisms remains incomplete. Here, we showed that appropriate glycemic control confers developmental homeostasis in the fruit fly Drosophila. We found that circulating glucose levels are buffered by trehalose metabolism, which acts as a glucose sink in circulation. Furthermore, mutations in trehalose synthesis enzyme (Tps1) increased the among-individual and within-individual variations in wing size. Whereas wild-type flies were largely resistant to changes in dietary carbohydrate and protein levels, Tps1 mutants experienced significant disruptions in developmental homeostasis in response to dietary stress. These results demonstrate that glucose homeostasis against dietary stress is crucial for developmental homeostasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trehalose metabolism confers developmental robustness and stability in Drosophila by regulating glucose homeostasis

Matsushita

Nishimura

2020

Commun Biol

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“…This response is observed after infecting G. mellonella with both typical and atypical EAEC, in which melanization began within 2 h after infection in the dorsal region of the larva, which contains the heart, and intensifies with the course of time. The larval dorsal vessel is an organ known to show a more intense immune response, due to the large amount of sessile hemocytes that are present on its surface and also of circulating hemocytes that are recruited together with the pathogen to the periphery of the dorsal vessel during infection (Pereira et al, 2015; Hillyer, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typical and Atypical Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Are Both Virulent in the Galleria mellonella Model

et al. 2019

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Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an emerging pathotype responsible for acute and persistent diarrhea. It can be classified as typical and atypical strains, respectively, based on the presence or absence of the AggR regulon, suggesting a higher virulence for typical EAEC. This study aims to evaluate in the Galleria mellonella model if there are differences in the virulence profiles among clinical strains of typical and atypical EAEC, prototype strains EAEC C1096, 042 and its aggR mutant. The clinical EAEC strains ( n = 20) were analyzed for the presence of 22 putative virulence factors of EAEC or extraintestinal E. coli by PCR, as well as phenotypic characteristics of virulence (enzymes, siderophore, and biofilm). The survival of the larvae was analyzed after inoculation of 10 4 –10 7 CFU/larva; the monitoring of bacterial growth in vivo and hemocyte quantification was determined after inoculation of the prototype strains (10 5 CFU/larva) at different periods after infection. The strains of typical and atypical EAEC presented the same virulence profile for the larva, regardless of the amount or type of genes and phenotypic aspects of virulence analyzed. In addition, the EAEC 042 aggR mutant strain showed a significant reduction in the mortality of the inoculated larvae compared to the wild-type strain. In conclusion, the results obtained herein demonstrate that the virulence of EAEC seems to be related to the AggR regulon, but not exclusively, and atypical EAEC strains may be as virulent as typical ones in vivo in the G. mellonella model.

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“…The added volume to the thorax can be justified by the compression of the tracheal tubes in the thorax and head, and the expansion of pleural membrane between thoracial segments. The coordination of heart activity and gut movements is plausible given that a number of myotropic neuropeptides are known to modulate activity in both organs 37,38 . For example, proctolin increases the heart rate and also induces muscle contraction in the gut in some species 39,40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional compartmentalization in the hemocoel of insects

Pendar¹,

Aviles²,

Adjerid³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The insect circulatory system contains an open hemocoel, in which the mechanism of hemolymph flow control is ambiguous. As a continuous fluidic structure, this cavity should exhibit pressure changes that propagate quickly. Narrow-waisted insects create sustained pressure differences across segments, but their constricted waist provides an evident mechanism for compartmentalization. Insects with no obvious constrictions between segments may be capable of functionally compartmentalizing the body, which could explain complex hemolymph flows. Here, we test the hypothesis of functional compartmentalization by measuring pressures in a beetle and recording abdominal movements. We found that the pressure is indeed uniform within the abdomen and thorax, congruent with the predicted behavior of an open system. However, during some abdominal movements, pressures were on average 62% higher in the abdomen than in the thorax, suggesting that functional compartmentalization creates a gradient within the hemocoel. Synchrotron tomography and dissection show that the arthrodial membrane and thoracic muscles may contribute to this dynamic pressurization. Analysis of volume change suggests that the gut may play an important role in regulating pressure by translating between body segments. Overall, this study suggests that functional compartmentalization may provide an explanation for how fluid flows are managed in an open circulatory system.

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Insect heart rhythmicity is modulated by evolutionarily conserved neuropeptides and neurotransmitters

Cited by 26 publications

References 93 publications

Trehalose metabolism confers developmental robustness and stability in Drosophila by regulating glucose homeostasis

Trehalose metabolism confers developmental robustness and stability in Drosophila by regulating glucose homeostasis

Typical and Atypical Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Are Both Virulent in the Galleria mellonella Model

Functional compartmentalization in the hemocoel of insects

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