Insect Glutamate Receptors

Usherwood, P.N.R.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2806(08)60086-7

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The D-and DL -isomers were considerably less active, but they were more active than expected based on the known stereospecificity of the glutamatergic system for L-and D-glutamic acid. A possible explanation is that the affinities of L-and D-quisqualic acid for excitatory amino acid receptors are the same, but their efficacies are different (18). Results from our study also found synthetic and natural L-quisqualic acid exhibited the same levels of activity for paralyzing the JB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Prior to our study, quisqualic acid had not been known from any genera other than Quisqualis. L-quisqualic acid is thought to mimic L-glutamic acid, an amino acid that functions as a neurotransmitter in the insect neuromuscular junction and mammalian central nervous system (17,18). L-quisqualic acid has been demonstrated to be an exceptionally potent agonist of excitatory amino acid receptors (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle

Ranger

Winter

Singh

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Japanese beetle (JB), Popillia japonica, exhibits rapid paralysis after consuming flower petals of zonal geranium, Pelargonium x hortorum. Activity-guided fractionations were conducted with polar flower petal extracts from P. x hortorum cv. Nittany Lion Red, which led to the isolation of a paralysis-inducing compound. High-resolution-MS and NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, COSY, heteronuclear sequential quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation) analysis identified the paralytic compound as quisqualic acid (C 5 H 7 N 3 O 5 ), a known but rare agonist of excitatory amino acid receptors. Optical rotation measurements and chiral HPLC analysis determined an L-configuration. Geranium-derived and synthetic L-quisqualic acid demonstrated the same positive paralytic doseresponse. Isolation of a neurotoxic, excitatory amino acid from zonal geranium establishes the phytochemical basis for induced paralysis of the JB, which had remained uncharacterized since the phenomenon was first described in 1920.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle

Ranger

Winter

Singh

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…There are distinct aspartate-rich laminas in the mushroom bodies of bees and cockroaches that alternate with taurine-rich regions (Ehmer and Gronenberg, 2002;Sinakevitch et al, 2001). Aspartate is also an agonist of one class of cation-selective glutamate receptor (Usherwood, 1994) and may therefore have a functional role in signalling of some glutaminergic neurones. Taurine is abundant in the central nervous system of insects (Schafer et al, 1988) and the mushroom bodies contain discrete laminas that stain strongly for taurine, hinting at specific functional roles (Sinakevitch and Strausfeld, 2004).…”

Section: Long-term Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial changes in central nervous system neurotransmitters and neuromodulators accompany phase change in the locust

Rogers

Matheson

Sasaki

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

123

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SUMMARY Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) can undergo a profound transformation between solitarious and gregarious forms, which involves widespread changes in behaviour, physiology and morphology. This phase change is triggered by the presence or absence of other locusts and occurs over a timescale ranging from hours, for some behaviours to change, to generations,for full morphological transformation. The neuro-hormonal mechanisms that drive and accompany phase change in either direction remain unknown. We have used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to compare amounts of 13 different potential neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators in the central nervous systems of final instar locust nymphs undergoing phase transition and between long-term solitarious and gregarious adults. Long-term gregarious and solitarious locust nymphs differed in 11 of the 13 substances analysed: eight increased in both the brain and thoracic nerve cord (including glutamate,GABA, dopamine and serotonin), whereas three decreased (acetylcholine,tyramine and citrulline). Adult locusts of both extreme phases were similarly different. Isolating larval gregarious locusts led to rapid changes in seven chemicals equal to or even exceeding the differences seen between long-term solitarious and gregarious animals. Crowding larval solitarious locusts led to rapid changes in six chemicals towards gregarious values within the first 4 h(by which time gregarious behaviours are already being expressed), before returning to nearer long-term solitarious values 24 h later. Serotonin in the thoracic ganglia, however, did not follow this trend, but showed a ninefold increase after a 4 h period of crowding. After crowding solitarious nymphs for a whole larval stadium, the amounts of all chemicals, except octopamine, were similar to those of long-term gregarious locusts. Our data show that changes in levels of neuroactive substances are widespread in the central nervous system and reflect the time course of behavioural and physiological phase change.

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“…Three classes of glutamate receptor have been described on arthropod neurones. The first produces a fast increase in cation permeability (particularly to sodium ions), which depolarises the membrane (see Usherwood, 1994). The second produces a slow increase in potassium ion permeability, which hyperpolarises the membrane (Wafford and Sattelle, 1986;Marder and Paupardin-Tritsch, 1978).…”

Section: The Actions Of Gaba and Glutamatementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of input and output synapses on the central branches of bushcricket and cricket auditory afferent neurones: Immunocytochemical evidence for GABA and glutamate in different populations of presynaptic boutons

Hardt¹,

Watson²

1999

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Insect Glutamate Receptors

Cited by 52 publications

References 83 publications

Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle

Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle

Substantial changes in central nervous system neurotransmitters and neuromodulators accompany phase change in the locust

Distribution of input and output synapses on the central branches of bushcricket and cricket auditory afferent neurones: Immunocytochemical evidence for GABA and glutamate in different populations of presynaptic boutons

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