Insect–fungus interference competition – The potential role of global secondary metabolite regulation, pathway-specific mycotoxin expression and formation of oxylipins

Trienens, Monika; Rohlfs, Marko

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2011.07.009

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…23,24,27 Moreover, oxidative stress and oxylipin metabolism are also involved in mycotoxin synthesis. 8,28 Beauverolides are insecticidal cyclodepsipeptides in B. bassiana. The increase of beauverolide B, beauverolide C, and beauverolide Ka in the transformant (Table 1) may be related to oxidative stress and/or oxylipin metabolism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Effect of an Exogenous Gene on Transgenic Beauveria bassiana Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Luo

Zhou

et al. 2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Metabolic effect of an exogenous gene on transgenic beauveria bassiana using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics (with F. Luo et al.) ABSTRACT: Genetic modification of Beauveria bassiana with the scorpion neurotoxin aaIT gene can distinctly increase its insecticidal activity, whereas the effect of this exogenous gene on the metabolism of B. bassiana is unknown until now. Thus, we investigate the global metabolic profiling of mycelia and conidia of transgenic and wild-type B. bassiana by liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC−MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) reveal clear discrimination of wild-type mycelia and conidia from transgenic mycelia and conidia. The decrease of glycerophospholipids, carnitine, and fatty acids and the increase of oxylipins, glyoxylate, pyruvic acid, acetylcarnitine, fumarate, ergothioneine, and trehalose in transgenic mycelia indicate the enhanced oxidative reactions. In contrast, most metabolites related to oxidative stress are not altered significantly in conidia, which implies that there will be no significant oxidative stress reaction when the aaIT gene is quiescent in cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Effect of an Exogenous Gene on Transgenic Beauveria bassiana Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Luo

Zhou

et al. 2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Controls (the WT strain and strains in which AfPXG was silenced) were treated with ethanol. (G) The production of AFB1 in the treatments over time (2,5,7,9,11, and 13 days [d] after inoculation). Treatments and measurements were done in triplicate.…”

Section: Fig 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the biosynthesis and the roles of animal and plant oxylipins have been extensively studied (4)(5)(6)(7)(8), knowledge about fungal oxylipins remains limited. Fungal oxylipins are widespread among filamentous fungi, yeasts, and oomycetes (9-11) and were first described to be precocious sexual inducers, or psi factors (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Caleosin-Like Protein with Peroxygenase Activity Mediates Aspergillus flavus Development, Aflatoxin Accumulation, and Seed Infection

Hanano

Almousally

Shaban

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bCaleosins are a small family of calcium-binding proteins endowed with peroxygenase activity in plants. Caleosin-like genes are present in fungi; however, their functions have not been reported yet. In this work, we identify a plant caleosin-like protein in Aspergillus flavus that is highly expressed during the early stages of spore germination. A recombinant purified 32-kDa caleosinlike protein supported peroxygenase activities, including co-oxidation reactions and reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides. Deletion of the caleosin gene prevented fungal development. Alternatively, silencing of the gene led to the increased accumulation of endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides and antioxidant activities but to a reduction of fungal growth and conidium formation. Two key genes of the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway, aflR and aflD, were downregulated in the strains in which A. flavus PXG (AfPXG) was silenced, leading to reduced aflatoxin B1 production in vitro. Application of caleosin/peroxygenase-derived oxylipins restored the wild-type phenotype in the strains in which AfPXG was silenced. PXGdeficient A. flavus strains were severely compromised in their capacity to infect maize seeds and to produce aflatoxin. Our results uncover a new branch of the fungal oxylipin pathway and may lead to the development of novel targets for controlling fungal disease. Oxylipins constitute a large family of diverse oxygenated fatty acids and derivatives present in mammals, plants, algae, and fungi (1-3). While the biosynthesis and the roles of animal and plant oxylipins have been extensively studied (4-8), knowledge about fungal oxylipins remains limited. Fungal oxylipins are widespread among filamentous fungi, yeasts, and oomycetes (9-11) and were first described to be precocious sexual inducers, or psi factors (12). They are composed of a mixture of hydroxylated oxylipins derived from oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) acids under the action of psi factor-producing oxygenase (Ppo) enzymes (13-15). Linoleate diol synthase (LDS) converts linoleic acid directly to hydroxylated derivatives (8). However, most of the fungal oxylipins derive from an initial hydroperoxidation step, whereby polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are catalyzed by lipoxygenases (LOXs) and dioxygenases (DOXs) (8,16,17). Whereas in plants such enzymes form essentially three types of hydroperoxides (OOHs), i.e., 9-OOH, 13-OOH, and 2-OOH, in fungi, they can introduce molecular oxygen on the carbon 8, 10, 11, or 15 of PUFA, yielding 8-OOH, 10-OOH, 11-OOH, and 15-OOH derivatives, respectively (8,10,11,17,18). Whatever their mode of formation, fatty acid hydroperoxides (FAOOHs) and their metabolites have been reported to play crucial roles in the life cycle of fungi, notably, in conidiogenesis and sclerotium formation (19). In addition, Ppo-derived psi factors produced by Aspergillus nidulans were shown to regulate both asexual and sexual spore development (12,14,20).Fungal oxylipins are also involved in the regulation of...

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“…In agreement with this idea, a fungal mutant deficient in the production of oxylipins that regulate, through hormone-like signaling, sterigmatocystin production was found to be less detrimental to insect development than wild type A. nidulans [84]. Yin et al [85] describe a positive relationship between activation of AflR (transcription factor for the sterigmatocystin biosynthetic pathway), through the transcriptional co-activator RsmA, sterigmatocystin formation and resistance of A. nidulans to springtail grazing.…”

Section: What Does Genetic Manipulation Of Fungal Secondary Metabolismentioning

confidence: 83%

“…LaeA couples with two other proteins, veA and velB, and thereby forms the nuclear velvet complex as previously explained. A VeA loss-of-function A. nidulans mutant has also been found to restore normal larval development of D. melanogaster [84]. This suggests that a functioning velvet complex is required for A. nidulans to be resistant to fungivores.…”

Section: What Does Genetic Manipulation Of Fungal Secondary Metabolismentioning

confidence: 94%

Insect–fungus interference competition – The potential role of global secondary metabolite regulation, pathway-specific mycotoxin expression and formation of oxylipins

Cited by 43 publications

References 50 publications

Metabolic Effect of an Exogenous Gene on Transgenic Beauveria bassiana Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Metabolic Effect of an Exogenous Gene on Transgenic Beauveria bassiana Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

A Caleosin-Like Protein with Peroxygenase Activity Mediates Aspergillus flavus Development, Aflatoxin Accumulation, and Seed Infection

Fungal Secondary Metabolism in the Light of Animal–Fungus Interactions: From Mechanism to Ecological Function

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