Insect Folivory in an Angiosperm-Dominated Flora From the Mid-Cretaceous of Utah, U.S.A.

Arens, Nan Crystal; Gleason, Joseph

doi:10.2110/palo.2015.032

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…38,59,78,81,166,171] and only two, fully described, insect damaged floras from the Late Cretaceous that predate the Kaiparowits Formation (Table 3). Of the two floras for which the damage has been fully described, the Soap Wash Formation of Utah (98.1 Ma) has a small sample size (152 specimens) [172], and the Ora Formation Flora of Israel (91 Ma) [37] does not use the damage type scheme. The lack of damage type designations, small sample sizes, and the approximation of specimen numbers and herbivory occurrences in the latter flora precludes a direct comparison of the Ora and Soap Wash formations to the Kaiparowits Formation regarding insect herbivory.…”

Section: Late Cretaceous Insect Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect herbivory on Catula gettyi gen. et sp. nov. (Lauraceae) from the Kaiparowits Formation (Late Cretaceous, Utah, USA)

et al. 2022

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The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian Stage) Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA, preserves abundant plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate fossil taxa. Taken together, these fossils indicate that the ecosystems preserved in the Kaiparowits Formation were characterized by high biodiversity. Hundreds of vertebrate and invertebrate species and over 80 plant morphotypes are recognized from the formation, but insects and their associations with plants are largely undocumented. Here, we describe a new fossil leaf taxon, Catula gettyi gen et. sp. nov. in the family Lauraceae from the Kaiparowits Formation. Catula gettyi occurs at numerous localities in this deposit that represent ponded and distal floodplain environments. The type locality for C. gettyi has yielded 1,564 fossil leaf specimens of this species, which provides the opportunity to circumscribe this new plant species. By erecting this new genus and species, we are able to describe ecological associations on C. gettyi and place these interactions within a taxonomic context. We describe an extensive archive of feeding damage on C. gettyi caused by herbivorous insects, including more than 800 occurrences of insect damage belonging to five functional feeding groups indicating that insect-mediated damage on this taxon is both rich and abundant. Catula gettyi is one of the best-sampled host plant taxa from the Mesozoic Era, a poorly sampled time interval, and its insect damage is comparable to other Lauraceae taxa from the younger Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Flora of North Dakota, USA.

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Section: Late Cretaceous Insect Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect herbivory on Catula gettyi gen. et sp. nov. (Lauraceae) from the Kaiparowits Formation (Late Cretaceous, Utah, USA)

et al. 2022

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“…Nevertheless, the types of interactions in the angiosperms from Nebraska very notably surpass the assemblage from Estercuel in both diversity, with 21 species/morphotypes, and abundance, with 2084 specimens studied. However, the assemblage from Estercuel surpasses some other coeval records in North America, including the assemblage of the Soap Flora from the Albian–Cenomanian deposits of the Cedar Mountain Formation in Utah in terms of the low rate, small to medium leaf area consumed, and also in the low diversity of damage type that is similar to the records from the Late Cretaceous [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Plant–Insect Interactions on Aquatic and Terrestrial Angiosperms from the Latest Albian (Early Cretaceous) of Estercuel (Northeastern Spain) and Their Paleoenvironmental Implications

Santos

Sender²,

Wappler

et al. 2023

Plants

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Fossils of plant–insect interactions are direct evidence of paleoecological relationships between these two dominant groups in terrestrial ecosystems. We present a variety of plant–insect interactions from the late Early Cretaceous (latest Albian) in the Estercuel locality in northeastern Spain (Iberian Peninsula), affecting two types of terrestrial angiosperms and the basal eudicot Klitzschophyllites, which is one of the oldest putative members of aquatic Ranunculales found to date. The study of these interactions revealed 23 different damage types belonging to eight functional feeding groups (hole feeding, margin feeding, skeletonization, surface feeding, piercing and sucking, mining, oviposition and galling), suggesting these angiosperms were an important source of food and lodging for insects in the Iberian ecosystems during the late Early Cretaceous. Notably, the diversity of damage in the leaves of angiosperms suggests a diverse community of herbivorous insects and a variety of strategies of interactions with plants at the end of the Early Cretaceous in the southwestern Tethys realm.

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“…A very consequential biological event that potentially affected the trajectory of arthropod and pathogen herbivory is the geologically rapid diversification of angiosperms during the mid-Cretaceous from 125 to 90 Ma (82). Relevant studies of plant assemblages from this time interval (7,37,41,74) are revealing but less informative than recent analyses (127)(128)(129)(130) that used unbiased, abundant, and highly sampled plant specimens in which all available insect and pathogen damage was analyzed. This event, analogous to the expansions of seed plants during the later Paleozoic and grasslands in the later Cenozoic, evidently did not affect insect diversity, based on analyses of insect taxonomic global diversity (19,76).…”

Section: How Did the Initial Diversification Of Angiosperms Affect He...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod and Pathogen Damage on Fossil and Modern Plants: Exploring the Origins and Evolution of Herbivory on Land

Labandeira

Wappler

2023

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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The use of the functional feeding group–damage type system for analyzing arthropod and pathogen interactions with plants has transformed our understanding of herbivory in fossil plant assemblages by providing data, analyses, and interpretation of the local, regional, and global patterns of a 420-Myr history. The early fossil record can be used to answer major questions about the oldest evidence for herbivory, the early emergence of herbivore associations on land plants, and later expansion on seed plants. The subsequent effects of the Permian–Triassic ecological crisis on herbivore diversity, the resulting formation of biologically diverse herbivore communities on gymnosperms, and major shifts in herbivory ensuing from initial angiosperm diversification are additional issues that need to be addressed. Studies ofherbivory resulting from more recent transient spikes and longer-term climate trends provide important data that are applied to current global change and include herbivore community responses to latitude, altitude, and habitat. Ongoing paleoecological themes remaining to be addressed include the antiquity of modern interactions, differential herbivory between ferns and angiosperms, and origins of modern tropical forests. The expansion of databases that include a multitude of specimens; improvements in sampling strategies; development of new analytical methods; and, importantly, the ability to address conceptually stimulating ecological and evolutionary questions have provided new impetus in this rapidly advancing field.

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Insect Folivory in an Angiosperm-Dominated Flora From the Mid-Cretaceous of Utah, U.S.A.

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Insect herbivory on Catula gettyi gen. et sp. nov. (Lauraceae) from the Kaiparowits Formation (Late Cretaceous, Utah, USA)

Insect herbivory on Catula gettyi gen. et sp. nov. (Lauraceae) from the Kaiparowits Formation (Late Cretaceous, Utah, USA)

Plant–Insect Interactions on Aquatic and Terrestrial Angiosperms from the Latest Albian (Early Cretaceous) of Estercuel (Northeastern Spain) and Their Paleoenvironmental Implications

Arthropod and Pathogen Damage on Fossil and Modern Plants: Exploring the Origins and Evolution of Herbivory on Land

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