Insect Feeding Deterrents in Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

Johnson, M. C.; Dahlman, D. L.; Siegel, Malcolm R.; Bush, L. P.; Latch, G. C. M.; Potter, Daniel; Varney, D. R.

doi:10.1128/aem.49.3.568-571.1985

Cited by 146 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our data support the hypothesis that levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids present in the roots of endophyte-infected tall fescue could act as feeding deterrents to P.japonica larvae. Although there is a growing body of information on insect responses to endophyte-infected grasses containing loline (Siegel et al, 1989), studies documenting antixenotic or antibiotic effects of purified loline alkaloids on grass-feeding insects are limited (Johnson et al, 1985;Yates etal., 1989;Dahlman et al, 1991) and our study is evidently the first to suggest feeding deterrency to root-feeding scarabaeid grubs. Further studies are needed to determine if the same level of deterrency occurs in the presence of the stimulus complex represented by tall fescue roots.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding deterrency of alkaloids from endophyte‐infected grasses to Japanese beetle grubs

Patterson

Potter

Fannin

1991

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding deterrency of alkaloids from endophyte‐infected grasses to Japanese beetle grubs

Patterson

Potter

Fannin

1991

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Endophyte‐infected (E+) grasses are also more resistant to feeding of many insects and to infection by harmful nematodes (Stewart et al ., ; Eerens et al ., ; Pennell & Ball, ; Elmi et al ., ; Pennell et al ., ; Popay et al ., ). Such effects are mainly conditioned by the presence of ergot alkaloids, lolitrems, peramine and lolines (Johnson et al ., ; Clay, ; Siegel & Bush, ; Spiers et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of tall fescue to Rhizoctonia zeae infection as affected by endophyte symbiosis

Pańka

West

Guerber

et al. 2013

Annals of Applied Biology

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Endophytic fungi belonging to the genus Neotyphodium often form symbiotic associations with grasses. The host plants usually benefit from the association with an endophyte. Presence of the symbiont may increase host resistance to infection by some pathogens. However, the exact mechanism of the lower susceptibility of endophyte-infected plants to diseases is still unclear. Growth chamber trials were conducted to determine whether (a) tall fescue plants infected with the endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum (E+) are more resistant to sheath and leaf spot disease caused by Rhizoctonia zeae than endophyte-free (E−) plants, and (b) R. zeae growth inhibition is associated with endophyte presence. Tall fescue genotypes, each symbiotic with a genetically different native endophyte strain, were inoculated with isolates of R. zeae. The tillers infection by R. zeae, density of endophyte hyphae and content of total phenolic compounds in tillers were studied. Antifungal activity of the N. coenophialum towards R. zeae, Rhizoctonia solani, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Curvularia lunata was also investigated in dual-culture assays. For Tf3, Tf4, TfA2 and TfA9 tall fescue genotypes, the E+ plants had reduced R. zeae infection. In the Tf9 and Tf8085 genotypes, R. zeae infection was similar for both E+ and E− plants. The strongest effect was observed for the Tf4 endophyte. A strongly positive correlation (r = 0.94) occurred between endophyte hyphal density and disease index across all tall fescue genotypes. Dual-culture assays showed no inhibitory interaction between the seven endophyte strains and the R. zeae isolates; however, some endophytes inhibited R. solani, B. sorokiniana and C. lunata. Endophyte presence increased the production of phenolic compounds by the host grasses. The level of phenolics also differed significantly depending on the time of analysis after inoculation of plants by R. zeae. The results indicate that N. coenophialum can suppress disease severity caused by R. zeae infection. The mechanism of higher resistance of E+ plants is likely not based on direct inhibition such as antibiosis or competition. Thus, the induction of specific mechanisms in the host plant, for example, production of phenolic compounds, seems to be the main way of providing resistance to the grass by the endophyte. Schardl et al., 2004;Lembicz et al., 2010;Żurek et al., 2012). The best-studied and the most important endophytes from this group are Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin, which infects tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.)

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“…This suggests that the direct benefits of endophyte infection, either from protection against stressors, e.g. herbivory (Clay 1988;Bush et al 1997;Clay et al 2005), disease (Johnson et al 1985;Latch 1993), drought (West 1994; and nutrient deficiency (Bacon 1993;, or from stimulatory effects on photosynthesis (Marks & Clay 1996) and/or growth (Clay & Schardl 2002), do not substantially increase competitiveness at such early stages of seedling development, at least under the conditions examined in our study. It could be, however, that strong herbivory (Clay et al 1993;Brem & Leuchtmann 2002) or particular or extreme environmental conditions (Marks et al 1991;Faeth et al 2004) are needed for the advantage of endophyte infection to be manifested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Negative plant–soil feedbacks dominate seedling competitive interactions of North American successional grassland species

Padilla

Mattingly

Swedo

et al. 2012

J Vegetation Science

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Question Seed‐transmitted fungal endophytes of grasses can influence competitive interactions via direct effects of infection on host plant performance or via indirect effects, such as plant–soil feedback effects that operate through changes to soil properties. To date, however, these direct and feedback effects have been evaluated separately. What is the relative importance of endophyte infection vs endophyte‐mediated plant–soil feedback effects on competition between seedlings of the grass tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix) and common species of American Midwestern old‐field successional grasslands? Location Long‐term field experimental plots at the Indiana University Research and Teaching Preserve and greenhouse of Indiana University (Bloomington, IN, USA). Methods Endophyte‐free (E‐) and endophyte‐infected (E+) tall fescue seedlings were grown individually and in intraspecific competition and pair‐wise interspecific competition. Endophyte‐mediated plant–soil feedback effects were incorporated by growing seedlings in soil conditioned by either E– or E+ tall fescue. Results We found that E– and E+ tall fescue experienced stronger intra‐ and interspecific competition when competing in self‐conditioned soils. This pattern was consistent regardless of competitor identity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the direct benefits of endophyte infection do not drive competitive responses of tall fescue at the early stages of plant development, at least under the conditions examined in our study. Rather, negative plant–soil feedbacks may be more important in moderating plant responses to competitive interactions during seedling establishment of this species. Explicit manipulation of factors such as herbivory and abiotic stress is an important future direction for studies evaluating the relative importance of endophyte infection vs soil‐mediated endophyte effects on host plant performance.

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Insect Feeding Deterrents in Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

Cited by 146 publications

References 17 publications

Feeding deterrency of alkaloids from endophyte‐infected grasses to Japanese beetle grubs

Feeding deterrency of alkaloids from endophyte‐infected grasses to Japanese beetle grubs

Susceptibility of tall fescue to Rhizoctonia zeae infection as affected by endophyte symbiosis

Negative plant–soil feedbacks dominate seedling competitive interactions of North American successional grassland species

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