Insect Fauna of Cured Tobacco in Storage in the United States

Livingstone, E. M.; Reed, W. D.

doi:10.1093/jee/29.5.1017

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The other beetle predator is Thaneroclerus buqueti (Lef.) which is mentioned by Canzanelli (1935), Jepson (1939a, Keuchenius (1917), Livingstone & Eeed (1936), Morgan (1913) and Runner (1919). Jepson (1939a gives a few details of biology for this predator.…”

Section: Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Laboratory Study of the Cigarette Beetle,Lasioderma serricorne(F.) (Col., Anobiidae) with a critical Review of the Literature on its Biology

Howe¹

1957

Bull. Entomol. Res.

121

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The paper includes a review of the published literature on the biology of the Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.). A list is given of foods on which this species has been found breeding. Information on the duration of the various developmental stages is tabulated and the data on oviposition are summarised. Observations are collected together on the rate of increase of the species in warehouses, on the number of generations per year, on sex ratio, on the use of traps to catch adults and on the spread of the pest and the damage that it causes. The lengths of exposure to various high and low temperatures that are required to give a complete kill of the species are tabulated, and the known natural enemies are listed.Original work includes a morphological comparison of L. serricorne and the closely related common storage species Stegobium paniceum (L.). The experimental work consists of a study of the life-cycle of L. serricorne on wheatfeed over a wide range of combinations of constant temperature and humidity. Development was possible from just under 20°C. to 37·5°C. at favourable humidities. Larvae died at 90 per cent. R.H. at 37·5°C. The lower humidity level for development was under 25 per cent. R.H. at 30°C. but change of temperature, both up and down, raised the lower humidity limit so that, at 20°C. and 37·5°C., all larvae died at 40 per cent. R.H. When fed on foodstuffs such as groundnuts, which contain less water than wheatfeed at all humidities, the effects of low humidity are more rigorous. The effect of a number of foodstuffs on the length of the developmental cycle was investigated. The duration of larval instars on wheatfeed at 30°C. and 70 per cent. R.H. was found. The adults obtained in the experiments were weighed. The heaviest insects were obtained at 25°C. and 100 per cent. R.H. Higher temperatures and low humidities reduced weight. Females were heavier than males. The sex ratio was unity.The oviposition rate was investigated at 70 per cent. R.H. over a wide temperature range. Under all conditions the eggs were laid quickly. At this relative humidity, no fertile eggs were laid at 37·5°C. and few pairs laid at 20°C. The total number of eggs laid per female at 20°C. was low, otherwise temperature had little effect on the number of eggs laid, but the rate of oviposition was increased by high temperature. The theoretical rate of increase at 70 per cent. R.H. was calculated for several temperatures and shown to increase with temperature up to 35°C.The conclusions on the distribution and multiplication of the species which can be drawn from the laboratory results are discussed.

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Section: Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Laboratory Study of the Cigarette Beetle,Lasioderma serricorne(F.) (Col., Anobiidae) with a critical Review of the Literature on its Biology

Howe¹

1957

Bull. Entomol. Res.

121

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“…Spider beetles have been recorded several times on tobacco or in tobacco warehouses (Escherich, 1914;Livingstone & Eeed, 1936;Eunner, 1919;Tenhet & Bare, 1951;Ustinov, 1932) and the suggestion made that they feed on tobacco. Most likely they breed principally on dead tobacco beetles and moths but they may utilise tobacco dust along with other organic debris present in warehouses.…”

Section: Habitats and Food Habits Of Spider Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Beetles of the Family Ptinidae. XVII.—Conclusions and additional Remarks

Howe¹

1959

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The identification of spider beetles found in storage premises, especially of species ofPtinus s.l.andMeziumhas frequently been incorrect. The inadequacy of the present descriptions of genera and subgenera of spider beetles is pointed out. Grouping of the storage species by adult and larval characters corresponds well. The recorded world distribution of species is shown in a Table.Species of spider beetle considered to be native to Britain arePtinus lichenumMarsham,P. palliatusPerris andP. subpilosusSturm, which are not found in storage premises, andP. fur(L.),P. sexpunctatusPanz. andTipnus unicolor(Pill. & Mitt.), which may be found in warehouses. Eight species and a gyno-genetic form have been imported into Britain and have succeeded in becoming established,Mezium affineBoield.,Gibbium psylloides(Czenp.) andNiptus hololeucus(Fald.), early in the nineteenth century,Ptinus clavipesPanz. and also its triploid formmobilisMoore (=P. latro, auct.) later in the nineteenth century,Ptinus tectusBoield.,Trigonogenius globulusSol. andPtinus pusillusSturm about the turn of the century, and finallyPseudeurostus hilleri(Rttr.) about 20 years ago. The status and distribution of each species is discussed. OnlyPtinus tectusis a widespread pest in Britain.The wide variety of food suitable for scavenging species which will utilise substances of both animal and vegetable origin is stressed. Spider beetles are especially attracted to moisture and excrement and as a result will occur in the protected nests of other species of animal. Published records of associations of spider beetles with nests are summarised in a Table. Animal droppings and dead insects enable spider beetles to grow rapidly. Wool, hair and feathers, textile fabrics, old wood and a number of apparently non-nutritive substances are damaged by spider beetle larvae which seem to be able to grow on some of these substances.Damage caused by spider beetles is mainly indirect, contamination due to frass, silk and fragments of dead insects, the boring of holes in containers and spinning of cocoons on the containers. Actual loss of weight due to feeding is small unless the beetle population is enormous.A large proportion of the adult spider-beetle population of a warehouse inhabits cracks in the floors or walls and spreads from there to the peripheral part of stacks of produce where eggs are laid, producing a superficial infestation. Adult spider beetles are chiefly active at night. Parasites and predators recorded as attacking spider beetles are listed, and methods of culturing species are described.Spider beetles usually have three larval instars, but adverse conditions may increase their number. The total developmental period is long compared with other families of warehouse beetles. Most spider beetles have a normal life-cycle but some species ofPtinushave a facultative larval diapause and an adult dormant period preceding emergence from the cocoon. The diapause and dormancy enable adults of these species to emerge in the autumn regardless of the weather during the previous season. Adults live from 6 to 15 months. At constant temperature, eggs are laid at a steady rate, the number being laid varying from under 50 in some species ofPtinusto nearly 1,000 inP. tectus.The influences of temperature, humidity, food, population density and of diapause and dormancy on the rate of increase of spider-beetle species is discussed. The most rapid increase possible for these species in Britain is doubling in three weeks byP. tectus. It is concluded thatP. tectusis unlikely to be superseded as the most important spider beetle of cool temperate areas and that, elsewhere, spider beetles will not attain the importance of this species.Grouping the species on their biological features corresponds with the taxonomic relationships of the family.

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“…Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a strong flier (Livingstone and Reed, 1936), parasitizing various coleopterans associated with infested stored products (Krishna Ayyar, 1940). This wasp parasitizes the immature stages of R. dominica (Ahmed and Kabir, 1995) and other insect pests, including Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius (Back, 1939), Trogoderma granarium Everts (Kapil and Chaudhury, 1973), Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) and Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus) (Sweetman, 1964), Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Williams and Floyd, 1971), and Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus (Islam et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in controlling residual populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat stores

Mahal

Islam

Parween

et al. 2005

JTI

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The parasitic wasp Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) was released at six (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 pairs) densities to evaluate the effects of different introduction rates in controlling residual populations of the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) in wheat grain stored in bulk in 46 m 2 rooms. At the 50-pair density, the parasitoid suppressed 83% of R. dominica in June -July and 74% in August -September. At the 5-pair density, the numbers of F 1 progeny per female were 44 and 51, during the first and second period, respectively while at the 50-pair release rate, only 6 and 7 individuals were recorded, respectively. In a second test, the effects of different materials used for storing were evaluated on both insects. Five hundred (500) grain-residing 20 -22-day-old R. dominica larvae were mixed with 250 g fresh wheat stored separately in each of five types of bags, i.e. jute, calico (Americana cloth), polypropylene, polythene, nylon, then exposed to 50 pairs of A. calandrae. The parasitoid suppressed host populations in all types of bags, except in those made of polythene. The highest percentage (69 and 81%) suppression occurred in calico bags during the June -July and August-September periods, respectively. The lowest suppression of 51 and 57% was observed for polypropylene bags during the respective periods. The parasitoid-induced mortality was positively correlated with the parasitoid density.Résumé. L'influence du nombre de guêpes parasitoïdes Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) ((5, 10, 20, 30, 40 et 50 couples) sur la suppression des populations résiduelles du petit bostryches des grains Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) a été étudiée dans des greniers à blé de 46 m 2 . A la densité de 50 couples, le parasitoïde élimine 83% des bostryches en juin-juillet et 74% en aoû t-septembre. A la densité de 5 couples, le nombre de descendants F1/femelle est de 44 et 51 au cours de la première et de la seconde période respectivement alors qu'à la densité de 50 couples, on a dénombré respectivement 6 et 7 *

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Insect Fauna of Cured Tobacco in Storage in the United States

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

A Laboratory Study of the Cigarette Beetle,Lasioderma serricorne(F.) (Col., Anobiidae) with a critical Review of the Literature on its Biology

A Laboratory Study of the Cigarette Beetle,Lasioderma serricorne(F.) (Col., Anobiidae) with a critical Review of the Literature on its Biology

Studies on Beetles of the Family Ptinidae. XVII.—Conclusions and additional Remarks

Effect of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in controlling residual populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat stores

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