Insect Diapause

Denlinger, David L.

doi:10.1017/9781108609364

Cited by 101 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 1,626 publications

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“…However, whether and how DH31 CA neurons are regulated in response to dormancy-inducing conditions has not been elucidated. Previous studies have reported that the circadian clock system is involved in the regulation of reproductive dormancy in many insect species (4, 53, 72, 73), including D. melanogaster (27, 51, 60, 74). Therefore, we propose that, to an extent, circadian clock neurons, such as 5 th s-LNv, s-LNv, LNd, and DN1p are connected with DH31 CA neurons and modulated its activity under dormancy-inducing conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During such unfavorable conditions, organisms often suspend or retard their normal development, growth, and physiological functions, known as dormancy (1). Dormancy has been intensively studied in insects as its control could benefit many aspects of industry and agriculture (2)(3)(4). Previous studies have revealed that a fraction of insects enter dormancy at the adult stage under dormancy-inducing conditions leading to multiple metabolic and behavioral changes, including slowed or halted reproductive maturation known as reproductive dormancy (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dormancy has been intensively studied in insects as its control could benefit many aspects of industry and agriculture (2)(3)(4). Previous studies have revealed that a fraction of insects enter dormancy at the adult stage under dormancy-inducing conditions leading to multiple metabolic and behavioral changes, including slowed or halted reproductive maturation known as reproductive dormancy (4)(5)(6). As female insect adults allocate extensive energy resources toward oogenesis (7), reproductive dormancy allows them to reduce their energy consumption and resume reproduction under favorable conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproductive dormancy in insects is regulated by a complex interplay between multiple hormones and neurotransmitters (3)(4)(5). Among these, reduction in the titer of juvenile hormone (JH), an insect-specific sesquiterpenoid hormones (8,9), has been extensively studied, revealing its vital role in regulating reproductive dormancy in female adult insects (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that brain neurons projecting to the CA play crucial roles in the induction of reproductive dormancy in multiple insect species (3, 4, 13). For example, some neurons whose cell bodies are located in the anterior midline of the brain, known as pars intercerebralis (PI), project to the CA in the common ground-hopper, Tetrix undulata (14); linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (11); blowfly, Protophormia terraenovae (15, 16); and brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female reproductive dormancy in Drosophila melanogaster is regulated by DH31-producing neurons projecting into the corpus allatum

Kurogi¹,

Imura

Mizuno³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Female reproductive dormancy in insects is a process that drastically suppresses oogenesis to conserve energy under adverse environments. In many insects, including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, reproductive dormancy is induced under low-temperature and short-day conditions by the downregulation of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis by the corpus allatum (CA). Previous studies have suggested that brain neurons that project directly to the CA are important for the regulation of reproductive dormancy. However, the role of CA-projecting neurons in JH-mediated reproductive dormancy has not yet been confirmed by molecular genetic studies. In this study, we report that, in adult D. melanogaster, the neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) is produced by brain neurons that project into the CA. DH31-producing-CA-projecting neurons are connected downstream with a subset of circadian clock neurons, such as s-LNvs, which are known to be involved in reproductive dormancy regulation. The CA expresses the gene encoding the DH31 receptor, which is required for DH31-triggered elevation of intracellular cAMP in the CA. Knocking down Dh31 in these CA-projecting neurons or DH31 receptor in the CA leads to a failure in the decrease of the JH titer, normally observed under dormancy-inducing conditions, leading to abnormal yolk accumulation in the ovaries. Our findings provide the first molecular genetic evidence demonstrating that CA-projecting peptidergic neurons play an essential role in regulating reproductive dormancy by suppressing JH biosynthesis.Significance StatementDormancy is an adaptive physiological response to environmental changes that are unsuitable for survival. Adult females of many insect species undergo reproductive dormancy in which oogenesis is drastically arrested; it is induced by a decrease in juvenile hormone (JH) titers. However, we are yet to fully understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of JH biosynthesis under dormancy-inducing conditions. In this study using the fruit fly, we demonstrated that brain neurons projecting directly to the JH-producing organ, corpus allatum, play an essential role in regulating reproductive dormancy via the neuropeptide DH31. As the morphologically-similar neurons have previously been suggested to be involved in reproductive dormancy regulation, this study provides a fundamental molecular and neuronal basis for reproductive dormancy in insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Female reproductive dormancy in Drosophila melanogaster is regulated by DH31-producing neurons projecting into the corpus allatum

Kurogi¹,

Imura

Mizuno³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Characterization of clock‐related proteins and neuropeptides in Drosophila littoralis and their putative role in diapause

Manoli

Zandawala

Yoshii

et al. 2023

J of Comparative Neurology

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Insects from high latitudes spend the winter in a state of overwintering diapause, which is characterized by arrested reproduction, reduced food intake and metabolism, and increased life span. The main trigger to enter diapause is the decreasing day length in summer–autumn. It is thus assumed that the circadian clock acts as an internal sensor for measuring photoperiod and orchestrates appropriate seasonal changes in physiology and metabolism through various neurohormones. However, little is known about the neuronal organization of the circadian clock network and the neurosecretory system that controls diapause in high‐latitude insects. We addressed this here by mapping the expression of clock proteins and neuropeptides/neurohormones in the high‐latitude fly Drosophila littoralis. We found that the principal organization of both systems is similar to that in Drosophila melanogaster, but with some striking differences in neuropeptide expression levels and patterns. The small ventrolateral clock neurons that express pigment‐dispersing factor (PDF) and short neuropeptide F (sNPF) and are most important for robust circadian rhythmicity in D. melanogaster virtually lack PDF and sNPF expression in D. littoralis. In contrast, dorsolateral clock neurons that express ion transport peptide in D. melanogaster additionally express allatostatin‐C and appear suited to transfer day‐length information to the neurosecretory system of D. littoralis. The lateral neurosecretory cells of D. littoralis contain more neuropeptides than D. melanogaster. Among them, the cells that coexpress corazonin, PDF, and diuretic hormone 44 appear most suited to control diapause. Our work sets the stage to investigate the roles of these diverse neuropeptides in regulating insect diapause.

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Bigger isn't always better: Challenging assumptions about the associations between diapause, body weight, and overwintering survival

Short,

Walters,

Hahn

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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During the winter, animals face limited food availability. Many animals enter dormancy to reduce their winter energy expenditure. Most insects spend the winter in diapause, a state of programmed dormancy. It is often assumed that diapausing insects need nutrient stores to fuel their many months of basal metabolism and must grow heavier than their non‐diapause‐programmed counterparts. However, the extent to which food limitation affects body weight during overwintering preparation as well as the likelihood and duration of diapause remains unclear. We limited the duration of the feeding period and thus the total quantity of food available to diapause‐destined larvae of the pupal‐diapausing flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, to test how food limitation affects body weight in the context of diapause programming. We also tested the extent to which food deprivation and body weight affect the likelihood and duration of diapause. We hypothesized that diapause‐destined larvae grow more quickly and pupariate at a heavier body weight than non‐diapause larvae. We also hypothesized that body weight is more dramatically reduced by food limitations when a larva is programmed for diapause. Finally, we hypothesized that larvae with lighter body weight (i.e., food limited) are less likely to enter pupal diapause and also stay in diapause for a shorter duration than heavier, well‐fed, individuals. Contrary to our hypotheses that diapausing insects are heavier than their non‐diapausing counterparts, we found diapausing pupae weighed less than non‐diapausing pupae, especially when larvae received limited food. We found light pupae did not abort their diapause program. In both diapausing and non‐diapausing pupae, body weight was positively correlated with simulated winter survival. However, above a weight threshold, body weight no longer affected simulated winter survival in diapausing pupae. Contrary to our predictions and the general consensus in much of the diapause literature, we also found that lighter pupae stayed in diapause longer than heavier pupae. Overall, our results challenge the precept that body weight and diapause are positively associated. The relationship between body weight and diapause is complex and may be affected by the availability of food before and after winter, the availability of high‐quality overwintering sites, and the life history of a particular insect.

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Insect Diapause

Cited by 101 publications

References 1,626 publications

Female reproductive dormancy in Drosophila melanogaster is regulated by DH31-producing neurons projecting into the corpus allatum

Female reproductive dormancy in Drosophila melanogaster is regulated by DH31-producing neurons projecting into the corpus allatum

Characterization of clock‐related proteins and neuropeptides in Drosophila littoralis and their putative role in diapause

Bigger isn't always better: Challenging assumptions about the associations between diapause, body weight, and overwintering survival

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