Insect Cuticle Sclerotization

Hopkins, Theodore L.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.37.1.273

Cited by 95 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…phenylalanine, tryptophan, p-hydroxybenzoate or enterobactin). However, it can only use chorismate for the biosynthesis of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, a precursor of tyrosine (Hopkins and Kramer, 1992;Andersen, 2012). Although Westeberhardia cannot complete the last step in this pathway, the host genome codes for tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5), converting 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to tyrosine (Cobs_01567).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it can produce 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, which can then be converted to tyrosine by the host. Tyrosine is a precursor for DOPA and thereby essential for cuticle formation in insects (Hopkins and Kramer, 1992;Andersen, 2012). Insects cannot synthesize aromatic amino acids and acquisition from diet and/or provisioning by endosymbionts is a common phenomenon.…”

Section: Westeberhardia As a Possible Source Of A Hgt Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel intracellular mutualistic bacterium in the invasive antCardiocondyla obscurior

et al. 2015

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The evolution of eukaryotic organisms is often strongly influenced by microbial symbionts that confer novel traits to their hosts. Here we describe the intracellular Enterobacteriaceae symbiont of the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior, 'Candidatus Westeberhardia cardiocondylae'. Upon metamorphosis, Westeberhardia is found in gut-associated bacteriomes that deteriorate following eclosion. Only queens maintain Westeberhardia in the ovarian nurse cells from where the symbionts are transmitted to late-stage oocytes during nurse cell depletion. Functional analyses of the streamlined genome of Westeberhardia (533 kb, 23.41% GC content) indicate that neither vitamins nor essential amino acids are provided for the host. However, the genome encodes for an almost complete shikimate pathway leading to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, which could be converted into tyrosine by the host. Taken together with increasing titers of Westeberhardia during pupal stage, this suggests a contribution of Westeberhardia to cuticle formation. Despite a widespread occurrence of Westeberhardia across host populations, one ant lineage was found to be naturally symbiont-free, pointing to the loss of an otherwise prevalent endosymbiont. This study yields insights into a novel intracellular mutualist that could play a role in the invasive success of C. obscurior.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Westeberhardia As a Possible Source Of A Hgt Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel intracellular mutualistic bacterium in the invasive antCardiocondyla obscurior

et al. 2015

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“…It is known that many cellular events which occur between apolysis and ecdysis, depend on the fall of the ecdysteroid titre. For instance, dopamine is required for precursor production needed for sclerotization of the newly deposited cuticle (Riddiford, 1985;Hopkins & Kramer, 1992). Lack of the latter could have resulted in the new head capsule that is non-sclerotized which was seen after treatment with RH-compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsteroidal moulting hormone agonists: effects on protein synthesis and cuticle formation in Colorado potato beetle larvae

Smagghe¹,

Viñuela

Limbergen³

et al. 1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), that were orally treated with RH-0345 a 0.1 mg r 1 , RH-5849 at 10 and 50 mg l _l , tebufenozide at 2 g I -1 , and 20-hydroxyecdysone at 2 g l -1 , showec symptoms of premature moulting, followed by inhibition of ecdysis. In addition, fresh weight gain and total proteir content were blocked. The effects on haemolymphal and cuticular polypeptides after PAGE were linked with premature, new epicuticle deposition as was observed under the electron microscope. These observations suppor the concept that the ecdysteroid-mimicking action of the three nonsteroidal molecules is specific.

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“…In some cases, pigments are found within modified epidermal cells (e.g. scales on butterfly wings [10]), but typically these molecules are incorporated into the hard exoskeleton overlying the epidermal cells through a process known as sclerotization [11]. Thus, insect body color is not simply painting on a wall; but rather, it is like the color in true frescos-an integral part of the wall itself.…”

Section: Pigmentation Development In Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evolution of insect pigmentation: Genetic mechanisms and the potential consequences of pleiotropy

Wittkopp

Beldade

2009

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

292

291

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a b s t r a c tInsect pigmentation is a premier model system in evolutionary and developmental biology. It has been at the heart of classical studies as well as recent breakthroughs. In insects, pigments are produced by epidermal cells through a developmental process that includes pigment patterning and synthesis. Many aspects of this process also impact other phenotypes, including behavior and immunity. This review discusses recent work on the development and evolution of insect pigmentation, with a focus on pleiotropy and its effects on color pattern diversification.

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Insect Cuticle Sclerotization

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

A novel intracellular mutualistic bacterium in the invasive antCardiocondyla obscurior

A novel intracellular mutualistic bacterium in the invasive antCardiocondyla obscurior

Nonsteroidal moulting hormone agonists: effects on protein synthesis and cuticle formation in Colorado potato beetle larvae

Development and evolution of insect pigmentation: Genetic mechanisms and the potential consequences of pleiotropy

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