Insect cell cultures in the study of attachment and pathogenicity of spiroplasmas and mycoplasmas

Steiner, Theodore S.; McGarrity, Gerard J.; Bové, Joseph M.; Phillips, David M.; Garnier, M.

doi:10.1016/s0769-2609(84)80058-7

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In parallel with the testing of mammalian cell lines, we also conducted experiments to assess the feasibility of insect cell cultures to carry out enrichment of low levels of mycoplasma contamination prior to the application of NAT detection methods. Similar to mammalian cell lines, insect cell lines are also known to be susceptible to mycoplasma infection (51,52). However, in contrast to mammalian cells, insect cells demonstrate natural resistance to infection with a variety of mammalian viruses or support very limited virus replication without visible cytopathic effects (68).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the application of insect cells for mycoplasma testing in indicator cell culture tests is restricted by the limited number of mycoplasma species able to replicate in insect cell cultures at 25 to 28°C (permissive temperature range for insect cells). An increase of the temperature above 28°C allows a broader range of mycoplasma species to efficiently replicate in insect cell cultures (52). Thus, the use of insect cell cultures promises to significantly simplify the testing of both mycoplasmal and spiroplasmal contaminations by use of biological enrichment (22-24, 52, 53).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the use of insect cell cultures promises to significantly simplify the testing of both mycoplasmal and spiroplasmal contaminations by use of biological enrichment (22-24, 52, 53). However, until now, it has been uncertain if insect cells were able to support the growth of the vast majority of mycoplasma target species able to cause contamination of mammalian cell cultures (51,52). To address this issue, we carried out a study aimed at assessing the enrichment efficiencies of common mycoplasmal cell line contaminants, using two insect cell lines, Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) and High Five (Trichoplusia ni).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Enrichment of Mycoplasma Agents by Cocultivation with Permissive Cell Cultures

Volokhov

Kong

George

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In this study, we describe our results on the evaluation of the ability of different permissive mammalian cell lines to support the biological enrichment of mycoplasma species known to be bacterial contaminants of cell substrates. The study showed that this approach is able to significantly improve the efficiency of mycoplasma detection based on nucleic acid testing or biochemical technologies (e.g., MycoAlert mycoplasma detection). each mycoplasma species demonstrated that these common cell line contaminants can be detected reliably after 7-day enrichment in MDCK cell culture at contamination levels of 0.05 to 0.25 CFU/ml. The High Five insect cell line was also found to be able to support the efficient growth of most mycoplasma species tested, except for M. hyorhinis strain DBS1050. However, mycoplasma growth in insect cell culture was demonstrated to be temperature dependent, and the most efficient growth was observed when the incubation temperature was increased from 28°C to between 35 and 37°C. We believe that this type of mycoplasma enrichment is one of the most promising approaches for improving the purity and safety testing of cell substrates and other cell-derived biologics and pharmaceuticals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Enrichment of Mycoplasma Agents by Cocultivation with Permissive Cell Cultures

Volokhov

Kong

George

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…These cellular models are currently used to study the mechanisms of cell infection by a wide variety of animal pathogens, including mycoplasmas (Burnett et al, 2006;Drasbek et al, 2007;Fleury et al, 2002;Giron et al, 1996;Svenstrup et al, 2002;Winner et al, 2000). However, leafhopper cell lines that have been established to study the interactions between plant pathogenic mollicutes and their specific insect vectors are still very few (Omura & Kimura, 1994;Steiner et al, 1984;. Among them, the CT1 cell line was derived from C. tenellus embryos, but this cell line consists of a heterogeneous population of cells, made up primarily of four different cell types .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of the Circulifer haematoceps cell line Ciha-1 by Spiroplasma citri: the non-insect-transmissible strain 44 is impaired in invasion

et al. 2010

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Successful transmission of Spiroplasma citri by its leafhopper vector requires a specific interaction between the spiroplasma surface and the insect cells. With the aim of studying these interactions at the cellular and molecular levels, a cell line, named Ciha-1, was established using embryonic tissues from the eggs of the S. citri natural vector Circulifer haematoceps. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a cell line for this leafhopper species and of its successful infection by the insect-transmissible strain S. citri GII3. Adherence of the spiroplasmas to the cultured Ciha-1 cells was studied by c.f.u. counts and by electron microscopy. Entry of the spiroplasmas into the insect cells was analysed quantitatively by gentamicin protection assays and qualitatively by double immunofluorescence microscopy. Spiroplasmas were detected within the cell cytoplasm as early as 1 h after inoculation and survived at least 2 days inside the cells. Comparing the insect-transmissible GII3 and non-insect-transmissible 44 strains revealed that adherence to and entry into Ciha-1 cells of S. citri 44 were significantly less efficient than those of S. citri GII3.

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“…Techniques and insect cell lines are now available to study these interactions in vitro. One Drosophila (Dm-I) and two leafhopper (AS-2 and AC-20) cell lines have been used to study the attachment and pathogenicity of spiroplasmas and mycoplasmas (162). Cytopathic effects have been observed with most of the spiroplasmas, leading to death of the insect cells.…”

Section: Interactions Of Insect Cells In Culture With S Citri and Otmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wall-Less Prokaryotes of Plants

Bové¹

1984

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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The first mention of an association between wall-less prokaryotes and plants was published by Doi et al (53) in Japanese in 1967 in a work entitled, "Mycoplasma or PLT:group-like microorganisms found in the phloem ele ments of plants infected with mulberry dwarf, potato witches' broom, aster yellows, or paulownia witches' broom."J Similar microorganisms had been seen at about the same time in rice infected with yellow dwarf disease (121). When plants containing the newly discovered microorganisms were given tetracycline treatments, symptom remission occurred as long as the antibiotic application lasted, and the observed microorganisms disappeared temporarily from the phloem of these plants (76,121). Penicillin treatments had no effect. These results have been amply confirmed (108, 153). Because mycoplasmas were known to be sensitive to tetracycline but not penicillin, whereas the PLT agents were affected by both of these antibiotics (7, 75; see also 50), the microorganisms found by the Japanese workers were considered mycoplasma like and not chlamydiae-like and have been called mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs).2 Similar MLOs have since been found to be associated with more than 100 diseases in plants (103).Mycoplasmas and permanent (irreversible) L-variants (161) of bacteria have 'PLT refers to psittacosis-lymphogranuloma-trachoma; the agents of these diseases are the Chlamydiae, a group of obligate intracellular parasites with a Gram-negative type of cell envelope.2The trivial lenn mycoplasma in the phrase MLO is used as a synonym for mollicute and does not imply the genus Mycoplasma. The name mollicute was first proposed in 1967 (59).

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Insect cell cultures in the study of attachment and pathogenicity of spiroplasmas and mycoplasmas

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Biological Enrichment of Mycoplasma Agents by Cocultivation with Permissive Cell Cultures

Biological Enrichment of Mycoplasma Agents by Cocultivation with Permissive Cell Cultures

Infection of the Circulifer haematoceps cell line Ciha-1 by Spiroplasma citri: the non-insect-transmissible strain 44 is impaired in invasion

Wall-Less Prokaryotes of Plants

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