Insar

Abstract

Indoor navigation applications for mobile devices are being more common and needed for people who want to find inside building destinations. Many indoor navigation applications utilize different technologies, such as Wi-Fi fingerprinting, have been suggested. Most of these applications use a fixed background map and pre-calculated paths to lead the user to their destinations. Users of these systems need general map reading skills and understanding how specifically indoor maps work. In addition, these system types need to implement complex and accurate calculations to determine routing paths before navigation starts -which could be affected by unstable Wi-Fi signals. In this paper, we suggest INSAR or Indoor Navigation System Using Augmented Reality, which utilizes Wi-Fi fingerprinting, augmented reality (AR), and digital compass technologies in an integrated Android-based app. Specifically, we used a Wi-Fi fingerprinting method to determine user position, augmented reality to display real-time navigation information, and a compass to determine destination direction. Additionally, digital compass use to read the destination direction of each reference point (RP) helps direct the users "on the fly" thus reducing potential Wi-Fi signal instability effects.

Impact of Navigation Aid and Spatial Ability Skills on Wayfinding Performance and Workload in Indoor-Outdoor Campus Navigation: Challenges and Design

“…Navigation systems should provide notifications and alerts to guide users in finding their destination [85][86][87]. Previous research has shown that a lack of visual or audio notification upon arrival at a destination can lead to failure in recognizing the target location by participants [88].…”

“…It is useless to notify the user when they are not in the area or notify when they have already passed the area. Alnabhan and Tomaszewski [86] highlighted the importance of the accuracy of displayed notifications. They developed an AR-based indoor navigation system, "INSAR", that issues a 2 s notification vibration when it finds the destination and displays a message telling the user that they have arrived at their destination [86].…”

MRsive: An Augmented Reality Tool for Enhancing Wayfinding and Engagement with Art in Museums

“…These application types are perfect to guide the user outdoors by revealing the directions and distance between the user and their destination. In enclosed places such as buildings, airports, and markets, however, GPS satellite signals become weak or non-existent; therefore, GPS is not suitable for indoor positioning and navigation (Alnabhan, 2014). 64 museum mobile applications from around the world were evaluated in 2011 in the survey "Promising beginnings?…”

“…Signs would be accessible on the requested path, identifiable when they appear on the visitor's eye level, and understandable in the chosen language. The computer-generated elements can be 2D or 3D graphics, text, audio or video that augment and integrate with the physical world to reveal useful information to the user (Alnabhan, 2014).…”

“…Similar to outdoor GPS operated city maps such as " Google maps ", I suggest a similar dynamic approach for the indoor space.Providing this solution could offer the visitor in-situ information about where they are in the building and what direction they are looking at, and would supposedly require less cognitive effort. However, In enclosed places such as museums, GPS satellite signals become significantly weak and inaccurate, making this approach not suitable for indoor positioning and navigation(Alnabhan, 2014). There are other ways around this technical problem, and even though they differ in accuracy, they make it possible to locate users indoors.…”