INS-, SIMS- and XPS-investigation of diesel engine exhaust particles

Albers, Peter; Klein, Hans‐Friedrich; Lox, E.S.; Seibold, K.; Prescher, G.; Parker, Stewart F.

doi:10.1039/a909070c

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Similar observations have been noted previously for diesel exhaust particulates or urban aerosols, and for activated carbon (Biniak et al 1997;Albers et al 2000;Hutton and Williams 2000;Collura et al 2005;Müller et al 2006). When comparing between diesel (high) and dual fuel PM samples, the peak is broadened in the latter case (FWHM = 1.0-1.2 compared to 0.78) indicating a less developed graphitic structure in dual fuel PM as suggested by Müller et al (2006).…”

Section: Narrow Scanssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Quantitatively the amount of this carbon-oxygen functional group in dual fuel PM structure is found to be lower than that of diesel (high) PM that is in agreement with the assigned carbon-oxygen functional groups for C1s spectra. The presence of similar carbon-oxygen functional groups in diesel exhaust particles and for urban aerosols and activated carbon particulates is reported (Biniak et al 1997;Albers et al 2000;Hutton and Williams 2000;Müller et al 2006). The component peaks for O1s thus complement the findings of similar carbon-oxygen functional groups that have been observed in the carbon spectra.…”

Section: Oxygen (O1s) Spectrasupporting

confidence: 64%

“…These elements are mainly observed in diesel engine/vehicle exhaust PM and have been analyzed by various researchers (Albers et al 2000;Hutton and Williams 2000;Collura et al 2005;Müller et al 2006). Curve fits are performed for individual elements for each PM sample using Gaussian/Lorentzian (G/L ratio = 0.5) line shapes as mentioned earlier.…”

Section: Narrow Scansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectra collected in the standard format were selected, viewed, and processed using CasaXPS. The peaks were selected basically looking at the general practices that have been observed in the literature for the similar applications as cited here (such as Albers et al 2000;Müller et al 2006). The assignment gave a perfect fit between the original spectrum and the resultant curve.…”

Section: Narrow Scansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final peak which ranges from 291 to 291.6 eV BE may be due to enhanced plasmon-loss features (graphite) or π − π * shake-up satellite signals (aromatics) indicating the presence of uncovered polyaromatic or graphite-like basic structural units in the surface regions of the PM samples (according to Biniak et al 1997;Albers et al 2000). This feature of carbon structure is present in less proportion for dual fuel PM compared to diesel (high) sample indicating less aromatic content in dual fuel PM structures.…”

Section: Narrow Scansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Exhaust Particulates from a Dual Fuel Engine by TGA, XPS, and Raman Techniques

Mustafi

Raine

James

2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particulate matter (PM) emitted from a dual fuel engine is characterized using thermogravimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provides the mass fractions of elemental carbon and volatile materials in PM; XPS provides the possible chemical compositions in the topmost layer of PM surface and Raman analysis provides the possible structure of the carbon presented in PM. Dual fuel engine uses both liquid (diesel) and gaseous fuels simultaneously to produce mechanical power and can be switched to only diesel fueling under load. The dual fuel engine is operated with natural gas and simulated biogases (laboratory prepared) and results are compared between the dual fueling and diesel fueling under the same engine operating conditions. Significantly higher volatile fractions in PM are obtained for dual fueling compared to diesel fueling complementing the gravimetric results. The maximum contribution of the graphitic carbon or aliphatic carbon such as hydrocarbons and paraffins (C C or C C) are found in the topmost atomic layers of both the diesel and dual fuel PM samples. The other chemical states are found to be the carbon-oxygen functional groups indicating significant oxidation behavior in the PM surface. Lesser aromatic content is noticed in the case of dual fuel PM than diesel PM. The carbon in dual fuel PM is found to be more amorphous compared to diesel PM. These characterizations provide us new information how the PM from a diesel engine can be different from that from a dual fuel engine.

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Section: Narrow Scanssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Oxygen (O1s) Spectrasupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Narrow Scansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Narrow Scansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Narrow Scansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Exhaust Particulates from a Dual Fuel Engine by TGA, XPS, and Raman Techniques

Mustafi

Raine

James

2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Carbonaceous Deposits

Albers¹,

Weitkamp

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

Self Cite

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The sections in this article are Introduction Formation and Chemical Nature of Carbonaceous Deposits Educt Molecules and Alkaline Elements Coke Distribution, Porosity and Pore Blocking Graphiticity Hydrogen Content and Hydrogen Analysis Hydrogasification Conclusions

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Aktive Zentren und Mechanismen der direkten Oxidation von Benzol zu Phenol an Kohlenstoffkatalysatoren

Wen

et al. 2015

Angewandte Chemie

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Die direkte Oxidation von Benzol zu Phenol mit H2O2 als Oxidationsmittel gilt als umweltfreundlicher Prozess und verläuft sehr effizient an Kohlenstoffkatalysatoren. Es gibt jedoch kontroverse Ansichten bezüglich der Rolle des Kohlenstoffkatalysators und der aktiven Zentren. Hier führen wir eine grundlegende Betrachtung möglicher Reaktionsmechanismen für diese Oxidationsreaktion an niedermolekularen Modellkatalysatoren durch. Unsere Schlussfolgerungen sind auf Raman‐Spektren, statische Sekundärionen‐Massenspektrometrie (SIMS), DFT‐Rechnungen, ATR‐ und UV‐Spektren gestützt. Es wird gefunden, dass Defektstrukturen, welche die Bildung aktiver Sauerstoffspezies begünstigen, die aktiven Zentren darstellen. Ein spezifischer Defekt, der hierbei identifiziert werden konnte, ist die Armchair‐Konfiguration.

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INS-, SIMS- and XPS-investigation of diesel engine exhaust particles

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Characterization of Exhaust Particulates from a Dual Fuel Engine by TGA, XPS, and Raman Techniques

Characterization of Exhaust Particulates from a Dual Fuel Engine by TGA, XPS, and Raman Techniques

Carbonaceous Deposits

Aktive Zentren und Mechanismen der direkten Oxidation von Benzol zu Phenol an Kohlenstoffkatalysatoren

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