Inquiries into human faculty and its development.

Galton, Francis

doi:10.1037/10913-000

Cited by 538 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The other tradition is latent variable modeling, developed by Spearman and Thurstone -with inspiration from Galton -to study intelligence (Spearman, 1904;Thurstone 1944Thurstone , 1947Galton, 1883). Latent variable techniques -such as factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and path analysis -isolate psychological mechanisms by identifying a limited number of categories that summarize individual differences across an array of tests or measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to use individual differences to isolate functional organization, biology, and utility of visual functions; with illustrative proposals for stereopsis

Wilmer¹

2008

Spatial Vis

109

110

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This paper is a call for greater use of individual differences in the basic science of visual perception. Individual differences yield insights into visual perception's functional organization, underlying biological/environmental mechanisms, and utility. I first explain the general approach advocated and where it comes from. Second, I describe five principles central to learning about the nature of visual perception through individual differences. Third, I elaborate on the use of individual differences to gain insights into the three areas mentioned above (function, biology/environment, utility), in each case describing the approach advocated, presenting model examples from the literature, and laying out illustrative research proposals for the case of stereopsis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to use individual differences to isolate functional organization, biology, and utility of visual functions; with illustrative proposals for stereopsis

Wilmer¹

2008

Spatial Vis

109

110

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“…Galton, 1869Galton, , 1883. Esta longa história está, no entanto, repleta de discordâncias sobre a maneira de descrever, medir e investigar os fenômenos de interesse, além de envolver sérias controvérsias sobre a utilização dos resultados provenientes dos testes que supostamente medem o nível de inteligência dos indivíduos.…”

Section: Usos De "Inteligência" Em Psicologiaunclassified

A Função Adverbial de "Inteligência": Definições e Usos em Psicologia

Oliveira-Castro

Oliveira-Castro²

2001

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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RESUMO -Não há consenso em psicologia sobre a natureza, definição e nível de análise nas investigações relacionadas ao conceito de inteligência. A análise do uso deste conceito na linguagem cotidiana indicou que o mesmo exerce função adverbial, a qual caracteriza uma ação como bem-sucedida. O conceito é usado em níveis diferentes, funcionando como um resumo adverbial das ações de um indivíduo de forma geral ou de suas habilidades específicas. Como "sucesso" é relativo a valores culturais, a definição de inteligência também depende da cultura. A função adverbial pode vir a explicar pelo menos parte das divergências e controvérsias encontradas em psicologia.Palavras-chave: inteligência; raciocínio; análise conceitual; linguagem cotidiana. The Adverbial Function of "Intelligence":Definitions and Uses in Psychology ABSTRACT -There is no consensus concerning the nature, definition and level of analysis in investigations related to the concept of intelligence. The analysis of the use of this concept in ordinary language indicated that it has an adverbial function, which characterizes an action as successful. The concept is used at different levels, functioning as an adverbial summary of an individual's actions in general or his specific abilities. As "success" is relative to cultural values, the definition of intelligence also depends upon the culture. The adverbial function may explain at least in part the disagreements and controversies found in psychology.Key words: intelligence; reasoning; conceptual analysis; ordinary language.adverbial do conceito pode em parte explicar a diversidade de definições e abordagens incongruentes encontradas na literatura psicológica. Usos de "Inteligência" em PsicologiaO conceito de inteligência tem sido usado de forma muito diversa em psicologia. Quanto à natureza do fenômeno, diferentes autores têm relacionado o conceito a característi-cas biológicas dos indivíduos, a processos cognitivos, ou, ainda, a construtos teóricos, tais como traço latente. As características biológicas que tem sido relacionadas ao conceito têm variado desde aspectos do funcionamento do sistema nervoso, tais como velocidade de condução nervosa (Reed & Jensen, 1992) ou taxa metabólica de glicose cortical (Haier, Nuechterlein, Hazlett, Wu & Paek, 1988), a características estruturais do sistema nervoso, tal como o tamanho do cérebro (Willerman, Schultz, Rutledge & Bigler, 1991).Outros autores têm abordado os fenômenos relacionados ao conceito de inteligência decompondo o desempenho de tarefas complexas em componentes cognitivos. Neste caso, não se encontra na literatura consenso sobre o nível de aná-lise mais adequado, podendo este ser baseado em componentes elementares de processamento de informação (e.g., Newell & Simon, 1972), componentes cognitivos menos elementares em um nível de análise um pouco mais amplo (e.g., Sternberg, 1977), ou em estruturas cognitivas maiores (e.g., Piaget, 1952).Investigações teóricas e empíricas relacionadas ao conceito de inteligência têm ocupado uma posição de destaque na histó...

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“…Galton"s pioneering statistical enquiries regarding the subjective effects of prayer on those doing the praying and the objective effects of prayer on those for whom prayers were offered generated considerable interest and debate (see Galton, 1869Galton, , 1872Galton, , 1883Means, 1876).…”

Section: Psychological Type and Prayer Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological type and prayer preferences: A study among Anglican clergy in the United Kingdom

Francis

Robbins

2008

Mental Health, Religion & Culture

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st\c\articles\mydocs\mr\psych type and prayer Psychological type and prayer preferences 2 SummaryThis study applies the framework of Jungian psychological type theory to define eight aspects of prayer preference, namely: introverted prayer, extraverted prayer, sensing prayer, intuitive prayer, feeling prayer, thinking prayer, judging prayer, and perceiving prayer. On the basis of data provided by 1,476 newly ordained Anglican clergy from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales eight seven-item scales were developed to access these aspects of prayer preferences.Significant correlations were found between each prayer preference and the relevant aspect of psychological type accessed by the Keirsey Temperament Sorter. These data support the theory that psychological type influences the way in which people pray.Psychological type and prayer preferences 3 Psychological type and prayer preferences:A study among Anglican clergy in the United KingdomThe study of prayer played a central and formative role in the early empirical, scientific and statistical examination of religion during the later half of the nineteenth century.Galton"s pioneering statistical enquiries regarding the subjective effects of prayer on those doing the praying and the objective effects of prayer on those for whom prayers were offered generated considerable interest and debate (see Galton, 1869Galton, , 1872Galton, , 1883Means, 1876).Compared with this early and promising start, several commentators writing a century later noted the lack of contemporary research building on this pioneering tradition (see Finney & Maloney, 1985;Hood, Morris, & Watson, 1987Poloma & Pendleton, 1989;Janssen, de Hart, & den Draak, 1989). During the 1990s and the first decade of the twenty-first century, however, renewed interest has emerged in the empirical investigation of prayer in general and within the psychology of religion in particular, as illustrated, for example, by Current research within the psychology of prayer is beginning to develop the field in two significant ways. The first development concerns the definition and operationalisation of prayer in more nuanced and in more subtle ways than could be achieved by the relatively simple measurement of prayer frequency. The second development concerns the contextualisation of prayer research within frameworks proposed by coherent models of personality and individual differences. The intention of the present discussion is to illustrate these two significant developments and then to build on them in a novel manner. Types of prayerPsychological type and prayer preferences 4

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Inquiries into human faculty and its development.

Cited by 538 publications

References 16 publications

How to use individual differences to isolate functional organization, biology, and utility of visual functions; with illustrative proposals for stereopsis

How to use individual differences to isolate functional organization, biology, and utility of visual functions; with illustrative proposals for stereopsis

A Função Adverbial de "Inteligência": Definições e Usos em Psicologia

Psychological type and prayer preferences: A study among Anglican clergy in the United Kingdom

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