InP Mach–Zehnder Modulator Platform for 10/40/100/200-Gb/s Operation

Griffin, Robert; Jones, Stephen; Whitbread, N.D.; Heck, Susannah C.; Langley, L.N.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2013.2270280

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In our experiments, we used a modulator with 10 GHz electro-optic bandwidth. However, InP modulators can be designed to have higher bandwidths [17], allowing for the generation of combs with much wider spacing and thus also covering significantly wider spectral ranges. Using the approach suggested here for doubling the repetition rate, combs with large spacing, e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compact Optical Comb Generator Using InP Tunable Laser and Push-Pull Modulator

Slavı́k

Farwell

Wale

et al. 2015

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Abstract-We have investigated the suitability of InP-based push-pull modulators to generate flat optical comb spectra. The residual amplitude modulation that was a consequence of driving the modulator well above its design voltage (up to 4V π ) is demonstrated to have no adverse effect for the comb generation. We also demonstrate generation of a comb with spacing equal to twice the repetition rate via control of the relative phase of the RF signals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tunable laser emitting 13 dBm is co-packaged with a push-pull modulator (total loss including input/output coupling loss of about 6 dB) with a bandwidth of ~10 GHz. Fuller details are given in [16,17]. Besides Eq.…”

Section: Principle and Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Optical Comb Generator Using InP Tunable Laser and Push-Pull Modulator

Slavı́k

Farwell

Wale

et al. 2015

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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“…Switch elements used in combination with semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) gates offer an even smaller footprint 28 . The physical size of electro-optic phase modulators has led to circuit path lengths of a few centimetres for the earlier examples, but technology advances driven by highperformance InP modulators have allowed sub-millimetre-length phase shifters with low voltage actuation 29 . Thermo-optic phase shifters for Silicon on Insulator switches with 8 Â 8 connectivity have led to a footprint of 3.5 Â 2.4 mm 2 24 and circuits with connectivities of up to 32 Â 32 25 , but thermo-optic actuation has not been sufficiently fast for packet-based traffic.…”

Section: Monolithic Optical Switch Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical switch matrices for packet data networks

Stabile

Albores-Mejia

Rohit³

et al. 2016

Microsyst Nanoeng

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Integrated circuit technologies are enabling intelligent, chip-based, optical packet switch matrices. Rapid real-time reconfigurability at the photonic layer using integrated circuit technologies is expected to enable cost-effective, energy-efficient, and transparent data communications. InP integrated photonic circuits offer high-performance amplifiers, switches, modulators, detectors, and de/multiplexers in the same wafer-scale processes. The complexity of these circuits has been transformed as the process technologies have matured, enabling component counts to increase to many hundreds per chip. Active-passive monolithic integration has enabled switching matrices with up to 480 components, connecting 16 inputs to 16 outputs. Integrated switching matrices route data streams of hundreds of gigabits per second. Multi-path and packet time-scale switching have been demonstrated in the laboratory to route between multiple fibre connections. Wavelength-granularity routing and monitoring is realised inside the chip. In this paper, we review the current status in InP integrated photonics for optical switch matrices, paying particular attention to the additional on-chip functions that become feasible with active component integration. We highlight the opportunities for introducing intelligence at the physical layer and explore the requirements and opportunities for cost-effective, scalable switching.Keywords: large-scale integration; optical switching devices; optoelectronics; photonic integrated circuits In turn, this is leading to unsustainable energy usage and an increasing complexity in network control 2-4 . Optical packet routing and switching technologies offer the prospect of highly efficient networking that is attuned to packet-based traffic flows 4 . However, to date the underlying photonic hardware has not proved sufficiently scalable, and the physical layer performance has been impeded by the analogue nature of the underlying photonic components.Photonic switch matrices and wavelength-selective switches already provide energy-efficient connectivity at the highest bandwidths for circuit-provisioned time-scales. The optical switching engines that are now being deployed in telecom networks and data centre networks are based on slow (millisecond) circuitswitching technologies that leverage micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) 5,6 and liquid crystal on silicon 7,8 switch elements. 3D MEMS systems now allow for connectivity between many hundreds of fibre connections 9,10 . The combination of broadband photonic switches and wavelength-selective diffractive optical elements offers even higher connectivity. However, the use of surface normal micro-optics introduces considerable assembly complexity as the connectivity scales. The switching speeds do not support packet-based traffic at the optical layer.Planar photonic integrated circuits have long held the promise of high-speed broadband connectivity with mass-manufactureable microchips 11 , but only recently has the technology

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“…InP as a photonic integration platform, which provides highly compact and reliable chips for efficient light generation, modulation and detection, is the most suitable candidate for ultra-high port density pluggable modules. Previous demonstrations of InP IQ Modulators based on the Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) have been shown to have either relatively high V values or high insertion loss, making them unsuitable for pluggable and compact optical modules with low power consumption [9]- [12]. In this work we report IQM chips which have all the desirable features for high performance coherent transmission at 100 Gb/s and beyond.…”

Section: Iqms For Coherent 100g Pluggamentioning

confidence: 99%