Inovasi Perlakuan Benih Dan Implementasinya Untuk Memproduksi Benih Bermutu Tanaman Rempah Dan Obat

Abstract

<p>Plant seeds can be seeds, shoots, cuttings, tendrils, or tubers. Seed<br />treatment is the earliest, safest, and environmentally friendly strategy in controlling plant pests and pathogens. The seed treatment can be physical, chemical, and biological, such as soaking in hot water (45oC), treatments with chemical and botanical pesticides, as well as biological agents. Chemical pesticides that are specifically recommended for the treatment of spice and medicinal plants (SMPs) seeds are very limited or even not yet in Indonesia, even though the problems in seed production<br />are very large, especially in the form of cuttings and rhizomes. The<br />types of infectious pests of SMPs are quite numerous and harmful.<br />Several innovations have been pioneered domestically, such as the<br />method of deeping and coating of seeds, but are still limited to pepper and ginger seeds. The effectiveness of seed treatment for bulky vegetative seeds, such as rhizomes, is hampered due to its limitation in the absorption of active ingredients into the seed tissue so that its effect on pests and pathogens alre ady present in the seed is less successful. Existing methods of seed treatments need to be improved, such as by seed priming, i.e. soaking the seeds in active ingredients until the seeds imbibed so that more active ingredients are absorbed. The seed priming method is suitable for treating seeds with active ingredients in the form of biological agents, such as endophytic microbes. In its development, this method can combine several types of biological agents and carriers, such as fillers, binders, adhesives, and surfactants to improve the stability of<br />formulas during storage and their effectiveness in the field. Keywords: seed treatment, pests, pathogents, medicinal and spice plants.</p><p>Keywords: seed treatment, pests and pathogents, medicinal and spice crops.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Benih tanaman dapat berupa biji, pucuk, setek, sulur, atau umbi. Perlakuan benih merupakan strategi dalam pengendalian hama dan patogen (OPT) paling dini, aman, dan ramah lingkungan. Perlakuan benih tanaman rempah dan obat dapat dilakukan secara fisik, kimia, dan biologi, seperti perendaman dalam air panas (45oC), perlakuan pestisida kimia dan nabati, serta agens hayati. Pestisida kimia yang khusus direkomendasikan untuk perlakuan benih tanaman rempah dan obat sangat terbatas atau bahkan belum ada di Indonesia, padahal permasalahan dalam produksi benih sangat besar, terutama berupa setek dan rimpang. Jenis OPT tular benih tanaman rempah dan obat cukup banyak dan merugikan. Beberapa inovasi perlakuan benih tanaman rempah dan obat sudah dirintis di dalam negeri, seperti metode pencelupan dan pelapisan, tetapi masih terbatas pada benih lada dan jahe. Keefektifan perlakuan benih vegetatif yang massanya cukup besar, seperti rimpang-rimpangan, adalah terbatasnya penyerapan bahan aktif ke dalam jaringan benih sehingga pengaruhnya terhadap OPT yang sudah ada dalam benih kurang berhasil. Inovasi yang sudah ada perlu diperbaiki untuk menghasilkan perlindungan yang lebih optimal, antara lain dengan<br />metode “seed priming”, yaitu merendam benih di dalam larutan bahan aktif sampai benih mengembang sehingga bahan aktif akan lebih banyak diserap oleh benih. Metode “seed priming” cocok untuk perlakuan benih dengan bahan aktif berupa agens hayati, seperti mikroba endofit. Dalam pengembangannya, metode ini dapat mengombinasikan beberapa jenis agens hayati dan bahan pembawa, seperti bahan pengisi, pengikat, perekat, dan surfaktan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas formula selama penyimpanan dan keefektifannya di lapangan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Perlakuan benih, hama, patogen, tanaman rempah dan<br />obat.</p>

Pathogens causing wilt diseases in patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth.): A review on symptoms, bioecology, and management

“…Cultural practices are one method of preventive measures, where pathogenfree seeds are the key to preventing disease development. This practice is applied not only by selecting healthy seeds but also by planting tolerant varieties, maintaining a healthy environment by sanitation and eradication, and applying crop rotation and intercropping [4]. Infected areas can be maintained by IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1183/1/012027 4 increasing soil fertility, using sago waste compost 15 tons ha -1 to increase soil pH, plant growth, and yield.…”

“…This disease is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and it has been considered the main obstacle in patchouli cultivation in Indonesia since this pathogen causes high loss (60-95%) in patchouli production [4] by attacking the plants from seed to adult. This pathogen is difficult to control due to its complexity, where it is polyphagous and can survive in the soil for long period without any host [8].…”

“…It contributes to the increase of the national economy in Indonesia, as Indonesia is the leading producer of patchouli oil, producing 6500 tons of oil per year, equivalent to 5% of world trade [3]. The oil is often used in pharmacy, cosmetic and perfume industries [4]. In 2020, the yield reached up to 2,100 tons in a 12,200 ha cultivation area and it decreased to 1,800 tons in 2021 in a 17,400 ha cultivation area [5].…”

Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb. An Indonesia Native Medicinal Plant with Potential Antioral Biofilm Effect

“…Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., known as Javanese turmeric or "temulawak," is a native Indonesian medicinal plant, which has been utilized traditionally as an ingredient of jamu (Indonesia herbal supplement and medicine) [15]. Most people use the rhizome as they believe it has medicinal effect for stomach illness, liver ailments, constipation, bloody diarrhea, dysentery, arthritis, children's fevers, hypotriglyceridemic, hemorrhoids, vaginal discharge, rheumatism, and skin eruptions empirically [16,17]. Furthermore, the beneficial medicinal effect of C. xanthorrhiza has been proven in scientific studies.…”

The impact of Integrated Crop Management technical guidance of cayenne pepper crops to the farmer’s in Klungkung Regency, Bali

“…The traditional farming system is characterized by pest and disease management was done by using chemical pesticide intensively without considering the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principals. Excessive use of chemical pesticide created many negative effects such as the increasing of farming system cost, un-optimum crops productivity, environmental pollution, the presence of pesticide residues in fruits or vegetables after and during harvest, pest become resistant to pesticides, the destruction of biodiversity, lead to secondary pest outbreaks and harmful to human health [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Furthermore, farmers in Bali Province have not applicated yet the balanced fertilization, they only applicated the chemical fertilizer for their farming system.…”