Inositols and metabolic disorders: From farm to bedside

Caputo, Marina; Bona, Elisa; Leone, Ilaria; Samà, Maria Teresa; Nuzzo, Alessandro; Ferrero, Alberto; Aimaretti, Gianluca; Marzullo, Paolo; Prodam, Flavia

doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.03.005

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In this regard, several studies elucidated the positive effects of myo-Ins dietary supplementation in various diseases associated with its depletion [9], including insulin resistance, PCOS [132], diabetes, gestational diabetes [24], depression [29], and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, several studies investigated this topic evaluating different forms, combinations, and dosages of inositols with variable results [9].…”

Section: Therapeutic Strategies Based On Inositols Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mechanisms contribute to maintain myo-Ins physiological levels, including food-dependent adsorption, biosynthesis and catabolism, intestinal and cellular uptake [6,7] and the administration of pharmacological therapies [8]. Imbalances of these mechanisms can alter inositol metabolism, causing a depletion of myo-Ins levels, which has been related to several chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [9,10] and cancer, especially lung and breast cancer [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inositols Depletion and Resistance: Principal Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Lepore¹,

Lauretta

Bianchini

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Inositols are natural molecules involved in several biochemical and metabolic functions in different organs and tissues. The term “inositols” refers to five natural stereoisomers, among which myo-Inositol (myo-Ins) is the most abundant one. Several mechanisms contribute to regulate cellular and tissue homeostasis of myo-Ins levels, including its endogenous synthesis and catabolism, transmembrane transport, intestinal adsorption and renal excretion. Alterations in these mechanisms can lead to a reduction of inositols levels, exposing patient to several pathological conditions, such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, hormonal and metabolic imbalances, like weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, myo-Ins is involved in different physiological processes as a key player in signal pathways, including reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic modulation. Genetic mutations in genes codifying for proteins of myo-Ins synthesis and transport, competitive processes with structurally similar molecules, and the administration of specific drugs that cause a central depletion of myo-Ins as a therapeutic outcome, can lead to a reduction of inositols levels. A deeper knowledge of the main mechanisms involved in cellular inositols depletion may add new insights for developing tailored therapeutic approaches and shaping the dosages and the route of administration, with the aim to develop efficacious and safe approaches counteracting inositols depletion-induced pathological events.

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Section: Therapeutic Strategies Based On Inositols Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inositols Depletion and Resistance: Principal Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Lepore¹,

Lauretta

Bianchini

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…In addition to the classic insulin signaling pathway involving phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B/Akt (PBK/Akt) as second messengers, a complementary pathway involving INS phosphoglycans (IPGs) exists [14]. After the stimulation of insulin, phospholipase C causes the liberation of IPGs, which acts as an insulin-mimetic secondary messenger in response to insulin stimulation, promoting GLUT-4 translocation, glucose uptake, and glycogen synthase [15]. The most common form is myoinositol (MI) which is present in animals, plant cells, and in foods [8].…”

Section: Biological Role Of Inositol and Its Derivatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inositol and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review on Deficiencies and Supplementation

et al. 2020

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Liver lipid accumulation is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), broadly associated with insulin resistance. Inositols (INS) are ubiquitous polyols implied in many physiological functions. They are produced endogenously, are present in many foods and in dietary supplements. Alterations in INS metabolism seems to play a role in diseases involving insulin resistance such as diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. Given its role in other metabolic syndromes, the hypothesis of an INS role as a supplement in NAFLD is intriguing. We performed a systematic review of the literature to find preclinical and clinical evidence of INS supplementation efficacy in NAFLD patients. We retrieved 10 studies on animal models assessing Myoinosiol or Pinitol deficiency or supplementation and one human randomized controlled trial (RCT). Overall, INS deficiency was associated with increased fatty liver in animals. Conversely, INS supplementation in animal models of fatty liver reduced hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol accumulation and maintained a normal ultrastructural liver histopathology. In the one included RCT, Pinitol supplementation obtained similar results. Pinitol significantly reduced liver fat, post-prandial triglycerides, AST levels, lipid peroxidation increasing glutathione peroxidase activity. These results, despite being limited, indicate the need for further evaluation of INS in NAFLD in larger clinical trials.

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“…As second messengers, they play a very important role in several transduction pathways such as metabolic modulation, endocrine modulation, cell growth and signal transduction downstream neurotransmitter stimulation [ 61 ]. Among the nine existing stereoisomers, d - chiro and myo -inositol are the two main present in human body [ 62 ]. About 1 g/day of myo -inositol is provided by normal and balanced diet, but this quantity, which is not sufficient for the daily needs, is compensated by the endogenous production (about 4 g/day), especially by the kidneys.…”

Section: Biological Activities Of Inositolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Chemical and Biological Insights of Inositol Derivatives in Mediterranean Plants

2022

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Inositols (Ins) are natural compounds largely widespread in plants and animals. Bio-sinthetically they derive from sugars, possessing a molecular structure very similar to the simple sugars, and this aspect concurs to define them as primary metabolites, even though it is much more correct to place them at the boundary between primary and secondary metabolites. This dichotomy is well represented by the fact that as primary metabolites they are essential cellular components in the form of phospholipid derivatives, while as secondary metabolites they are involved in a plethora of signaling pathways playing an important role in the surviving of living organisms. myo-Inositol is the most important and widespread compound of this family, it derives directly from d-glucose, and all known inositols, including stereoisomers and derivatives, are the results of metabolic processes on this unique molecule. In this review, we report the new insights of these compounds and their derivatives concerning their occurrence in Nature with a particular emphasis on the plant of the Mediterranean area, as well as the new developments about their biological effectiveness.

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Inositols and metabolic disorders: From farm to bedside

Cited by 36 publications

References 75 publications

Inositols Depletion and Resistance: Principal Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Inositols Depletion and Resistance: Principal Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Inositol and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review on Deficiencies and Supplementation

Novel Chemical and Biological Insights of Inositol Derivatives in Mediterranean Plants

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