Inorganic sulfur as a fungicide

Tweedy, B. G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5910-7_3

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is efficient against powdery mildew, black spot, and brown rot diseases of fruits, vegetables, and crops (18), although the molecular mechanisms of its action against fungi have remained unclear as well as how fungi respond to and survive against its toxic effects. These diseases are caused by fungi in the phylum ascomycota that also includes F. oxysporum, A. nidulans, and S. cerevisiae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It includes phytopathogenic strains that damage fruits and crops, and thus controlling their proliferation is of considerable agriculture importance. Elemental sulfur has long been used as a fungicide to suppress the growth or germination of strains as well as of other phytopathogenic ascomycotic fungi (18). Therefore to understand the fungal mechanism that responds to and metabolizes elemental sulfur is of ecological and academic importance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutathione Reductase/Glutathione Is Responsible for Cytotoxic Elemental Sulfur Tolerance via Polysulfide Shuttle in Fungi

Sato

Shimatani

Fujita

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Fungi that can reduce elemental sulfur to sulfide are widely distributed, but the mechanism and physiological significance of the reaction have been poorly characterized. Here, we purified elemental sulfur-reductase (SR) and cloned its gene from the elemental sulfur-reducing fungus Fusarium oxysporum. We found that NADPH-glutathione reductase (GR) reduces elemental sulfur via glutathione as an intermediate. A loss-of-function mutant of the SR/GR gene generated less sulfide from elemental sulfur than the wild-type strain. Its growth was hypersensitive to elemental sulfur, and it accumulated higher levels of oxidized glutathione, indicating that the GR/glutathione system confers tolerance to cytotoxic elemental sulfur by reducing it to less harmful sulfide. The SR/GR reduced polysulfide as efficiently as elemental sulfur, which implies that soluble polysulfide shuttles reducing equivalents to exocellular insoluble elemental sulfur and generates sulfide. The ubiquitous distribution of the GR/glutathione system together with our findings that GR-deficient mutants derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans reduced less sulfur and that their growth was hypersensitive to elemental sulfur indicated a wide distribution of the system among fungi. These results indicate a novel biological function of the GR/glutathione system in elemental sulfur reduction, which is distinguishable from bacterial and archaeal mechanisms of glutathione-independent sulfur reduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Reductase/Glutathione Is Responsible for Cytotoxic Elemental Sulfur Tolerance via Polysulfide Shuttle in Fungi

Sato

Shimatani

Fujita

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…It has long been known that foliar-applied S 0 has fungicidal effects. Indeed, S 0 was recommended for control of plant diseases at the beginning of the 19 th century (Forsyth, 1802) and by the early 1900s it was the most important fungicide until the development of organic S-fungicides in the 1950s (Tweedy, 1981). But the S nutrition of the crop can also have an impact on plant diseases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sulphur fertilisation on yield and quality of white mustard seeds

Ryant¹

2014

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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“…This may be due to the differences in the efficacy of fungicides in the two production systems. Copper and sulfur fungicides used in organic fruit production provide less effective disease control compared to synthetic fungicides approved in integrated fruit production (7,(16)(17)(18)32,45), but specific studies on disease management against C. depazeoides are not available. Copper can sufficiently control Cercospora spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Production System and Pruning on Temporal Development of Cercospora depazeoides and on Berry Yield in Black Elderberry Orchards

2009

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In a 2-year study, the temporal development of Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora depazeoides) and berry yield were evaluated in two production systems (integrated and organic) and in two winter pruning treatments (trees pruned to four and eight scaffolds) in two black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) orchards in Hungary. Under organic production, leaf spot onset occurred 2 to 4 weeks earlier (mid- and late July) in both years and both orchards compared with the integrated program. Disease then continuously progressed until the final assessment date (late September) in both years, reaching a maximum final disease incidence of 15.9% in the integrated system and of 38.2% in the organic system. In general, disease progress after late August was greater on trees pruned to eight scaffolds than on trees pruned to four scaffolds in both production systems. Both final disease incidence and area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the integrated treatments compared with organic ones. Across all treatments, both disease measures were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on trees pruned to four scaffolds compared with trees pruned to eight scaffolds. However, when the effect of pruning on final disease incidence and AUDPC was analyzed separately for integrated and organic systems, pruning caused uniformly significant differences in disease development only for the organic system. Berry yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the integrated system compared with the organic system, but pruning showed no significant effect on yield. Overall, pruning to four scaffolds resulted in consistently lower disease development in organic production compared to integrated. Thus, winter pruning may be useful as a Cercospora leaf spot management practice in organic elderberry orchards.

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Inorganic sulfur as a fungicide

Cited by 53 publications

References 25 publications

Glutathione Reductase/Glutathione Is Responsible for Cytotoxic Elemental Sulfur Tolerance via Polysulfide Shuttle in Fungi

Glutathione Reductase/Glutathione Is Responsible for Cytotoxic Elemental Sulfur Tolerance via Polysulfide Shuttle in Fungi

Effect of sulphur fertilisation on yield and quality of white mustard seeds

Effect of Production System and Pruning on Temporal Development of Cercospora depazeoides and on Berry Yield in Black Elderberry Orchards

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