Inorganic semiconductors-graphene composites in photo(electro)catalysis: Synthetic strategies, interaction mechanisms and applications

Ozer, Lütfiye Yıldız; Garlisi, Corrado; Oladipo, Habeebllah; Pagliaro, Mario; Sharief, Saad Asadullah; Yusuf, Ahmed; Almheiri, Saif; Palmisano, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.06.003

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 234 publications

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“…The hydroxyl groups present on the surface of the graphene oxide sheets provide nucleation sites for hydrolysis [129]. Consequently, the TiO 2 nanoparticles will be strongly bonded to graphene, offering a great advantage over other synthesis methods [133].…”

Section: Carbon-based Materials Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Surface Modification of TiO2-Based Photocatalysts for the Conversion of CO2

2020

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Among all greenhouse gases, CO2 is considered the most potent and the largest contributor to global warming. In this review, photocatalysis is presented as a promising technology to address the current global concern of industrial CO2 emissions. Photocatalysis utilizes a semiconductor material under renewable solar energy to reduce CO2 into an array of high-value fuels including methane, methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid. Herein, the kinetic and thermodynamic principles of CO2 photoreduction are thoroughly discussed and the CO2 reduction mechanism and pathways are described. Methods to enhance the adsorption of CO2 on the surface of semiconductors are also presented. Due to its efficient photoactivity, high stability, low cost, and safety, the semiconductor TiO2 is currently being widely investigated for its photocatalytic ability in reducing CO2 when suitably modified. The recent TiO2 synthesis and modification strategies that may be employed to enhance the efficiency of the CO2 photoreduction process are described. These modification techniques, including metal deposition, metal/non-metal doping, carbon-based material loading, semiconductor heterostructures, and dispersion on high surface area supports, aim to improve the light absorption, charge separation, and active surface of TiO2 in addition to increasing product yield and selectivity.

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Section: Carbon-based Materials Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Surface Modification of TiO2-Based Photocatalysts for the Conversion of CO2

2020

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“…or inorganic semiconductors (TiO 2 , ZnO, CdS, BiVO 4 , etc) in photocatalytic applications [ 10 , 47 ]. Since Kamat and co-worker reported the preparation of TiO 2 /G nanocomposites by GO photoreduction [ 48 ], a great number of examples have appeared in the literature where G-based materials have used as additives of wide bad gap semiconductors, acting either as electron acceptor or/and sensitizer [ 49 ]. For instance, the heterojunction between GO (as p-type semiconductor) and TiO 2 (as n-type semiconductor) has been found to enhance charge separation yield and extend the electron lifetime.…”

Section: Metal and Metal Oxide Nps Supported On G-based Materials mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Materials as Efficient Photocatalysts for Water Splitting

2019

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Photocatalysis has been proposed as one of the most promising approaches for solar fuel production. Among the photocatalysts studied for water splitting, graphene and related materials have recently emerged as attractive candidates due to their striking properties and sustainable production when obtained from biomass wastes. In most of the cases reported so far, graphene has been typically used as additive to enhance its photocatalytic activity of semiconductor materials as consequence of the improved charge separation and visible light harvesting. However, graphene-based materials have demonstrated also intrinsic photocatalytic activity towards solar fuels production, and more specifically for water splitting. The photocatalytic activity of graphene derives from defects generated during synthesis or their introduction through post-synthetic treatments. In this short review, we aim to summarize the most representative examples of graphene based photocatalysts and the different approaches carried out in order to improve the photocatalytic activity towards water splitting. It will be presented that the introduction of defects in the graphenic lattice as well as the incorporation of small amounts of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles on the graphene surface improve the photocatalytic activity of graphene. What is more, a simple one-step preparation method has demonstrated to provide crystal orientation to the nanoparticles strongly grafted on graphene resulting in remarkable photocatalytic properties. These two features, crystal orientation and strong grafting, have been identified as a general methodology to further enhance the photocatalytic activity in graphenebased materials for water splitting. Finally, future prospects in this filed will be also commented.

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“…Outside the field of environmental catalysis, ZnO and other catalysts are used in organic synthesis for oxidation reactions, albeit their use is less widespread than in environmental remediation [46]. For ZnO as a classical chemical catalyst, it was observed that a simple ZnO washing with dichloromethane was sufficient to remove interfering agents, avoiding the decrease in the reaction rate with consecutive reuses [47].…”

Section: Photocatalytic Degradation Of Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilised Cerium-Doped Zinc Oxide as a Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Antibiotics and the Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

et al. 2019

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The threat of antibiotic resistance to the wellbeing of societies is well established. Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are recognised sources for antibiotic resistance dissemination in the environment. Herein a novel cerium-doped zinc oxide (Ce-ZnO) photocatalyst is compared to ZnO and the benchmark TiO2-P25 in the immobilised form on a metallic support, to evaluate a photocatalytic process as a possible tertiary treatment in UWTPs. The catalysts were compared for the removal of two antibiotics, trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and for the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain DH5-Alpha in isotonic sodium chloride solution and of autochthonous bacteria in real secondary wastewater. In real wastewater, E. coli and other coliforms were monitored, as well as the respective fractions resistant to ofloxacin and azithromycin. In parallel, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the respective sub-population resistant to ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin were also monitored. Photocatalysis with both ZnO and Ce-ZnO was faster than using TiO2-P25 at degrading the antibiotics, with Ce-ZnO the fastest against SMX but slower than undoped ZnO in the removal of TMP. Ce-ZnO catalyst reuse in the immobilised form produced somewhat slower kinetics maintained >50% of the initial activity, even after five cycles of use. Approximately 3 log10 inactivation of E. coli in isotonic sodium chloride water was recorded with reproducible results. In the removal of autochthonous bacteria in real wastewater, Ce-ZnO performed better (more than 2 log values higher) than TiO2-P25. In all cases, E. coli and other coliforms, including their resistant subpopulations, were inactivated at a higher rate than P. aeruginosa. With short reaction times no evidence for enrichment of resistance was observed, yet with extended reaction times low levels of bacterial loads were not further inactivated. Overall, Ce-ZnO is an easy and cheap photocatalyst to produce and immobilise and the one that showed higher activity than the industry standard TiO2-P25 against the tested antibiotics and bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Inorganic semiconductors-graphene composites in photo(electro)catalysis: Synthetic strategies, interaction mechanisms and applications

Cited by 57 publications

References 234 publications

Synthesis and Surface Modification of TiO2-Based Photocatalysts for the Conversion of CO2

Synthesis and Surface Modification of TiO2-Based Photocatalysts for the Conversion of CO2

Graphene-Based Materials as Efficient Photocatalysts for Water Splitting

Immobilised Cerium-Doped Zinc Oxide as a Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Antibiotics and the Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

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