Inorganic phosphate in crude palm oil: Quantitative analysis and correlations with oil quality parameters

Goh, S. H.; Tong, S. L.; Gee, P. T.

doi:10.1007/bf02541641

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Detailed studies of these two forms of phosphorus compounds in crude palm oil indicate that they are unlikely to be the direct cause of some oil quality problems such as poor bleachability or increased susceptibility to oxidation. The inorganic phosphate presumably arises from the degradation of phosphatides by phospholipases and further chemical transformation [6].…”

Section: Phosphatides and Glycolipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palm oil refining

Gibon¹,

Greyt²,

Kellens³

2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

161

106

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Crude palm oil is rich in minor components that impart unique nutritional properties. The most relevant are tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) and carotenoids (a-and b-carotene). Palm oil is generally refined by the physical process, which is preferred over the chemical process since high acidity (up to 5%) can lead to excessive loss of neutral oil in the soapstock after alkali neutralization. The quality of the crude oil is to be considered as it can greatly affect the efficiency of the refining process and the quality of the end-products. The deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) is a good indicator of the capability of palm oil to be successfully refined. Beside commodities, especially refined oils open a market for new high-quality products like golden palm oil, red palm oil, white soaps, fractionated products (CBE), etc. Optimization of the deodorization technology and of the process conditions for a maximal retention of natural characteristics without affecting the quality of the palm oil is an important challenge.

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Section: Phosphatides and Glycolipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As already mentioned, only 10-30% of this phosphorus occurs as phosphatides; the major content being described as inorganic. The exact nature of this phosphorus component is still unknown [4,6].…”

Section: Phosphatide Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm oil refining

Gibon¹,

Greyt²,

Kellens³

2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

161

106

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“…Phosphorus levels are low (averaging 15 ppm). Any phospholipids present would be destroyed by the heat treatment, but recent work also has shown that most of the phosphorus is present as inorganic phosphates (13).…”

Section: Sample Apparent Tocopherols Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Colorimetric determination of total tocopherols in palm oil, olein and stearin

Wong¹,

Timms²,

Goh³

1988

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

188

106

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By using a preliminary heat-bleach at 250 C the Emmerie-Engel method has been adapted for the determination of total tocopherols (including tocotrienols) in crude as well as refined palm oil, olein and stearin. Total tocopherol contents found were: crude palm oil, 794 ppm (n=10); RBD palm oil, 563 ppm (n=13); RBD palm olein, 643 ppm (n=40); RBD palm stearin, 261 ppm (n=19), where n is the number of samples analyzed. During the detergent fractionation no tocopherols were lost, but the tocopherols were concentrated in the olein fraction.The fate of the tocopherols during degumming, bleaching and steam refining/deodorizing of crude palm olein containing 978 ppm total tocopherol was studied. Over the whole refining process only 8% of the tocopherols were lost, 62% of the original tocopherols were retained in the RBD palm olein, while the remaining 30% were concentrated in the fatty acid distillate which contained 7,040 ppm tocopherol.

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“…The acid measurement of the vegetable polyols was determined by the MPOB method p2.5: 2004 [ 26 ] with potassium hydroxide. Finally, phospholipids from the oils (RPO, AO, CPO) and RPO(AO) polyol were recovered according to Goh et al [ 27 ] using methanol and purified with acid-treated fluorisin. The quantification of phospholipids was conducted using a spectrophotometer at 820 nm according to Vaskovsky et al [ 28 ] with modified Zinzadze’s reagent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethanes from Residual Palm Oil with High Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid Oils as Additive

et al. 2021

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In the effort to produce renewable and biodegradable polymers, more studies are being undertaken to explore environmentally friendly sources to replace petroleum-based sources. The oil palm industry is not only the biggest vegetable-oil producer from crops but also one the biggest producers of residual oil that cannot be used for edible purposes due to its low quality. In this paper the development of biopolymers from residual palm oil, residual palm oil with 10% jatropha oil, and residual palm oil with 10% algae oil as additives were explored. Polyols from the different oils were prepared by epoxydation with peroxyacetic acid and alcoholysis under the same conditions and further reacted with poly isocyanate to form polyurethanes. Epoxidized oils, polyols and polyurethanes were analyzed by different techniques such as TGA, DSC, DMA, FTIR and H-NMR. Overall, although the IV of algae oil is slightly higher than that of jatropha oil, the usage of algae oil as additive into the residual palm oil was shown to significantly increase the hard segments and thermal stability of the bio polyurethane compared to the polymer with jatropha oil. Furthermore, when algae oil was mixed with the residual palm oil, it was possible to identify phosphate groups in the polyol which might enhance the fire-retardant properties of the final biopolymer.

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Inorganic phosphate in crude palm oil: Quantitative analysis and correlations with oil quality parameters

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Palm oil refining

Palm oil refining

Colorimetric determination of total tocopherols in palm oil, olein and stearin

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethanes from Residual Palm Oil with High Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid Oils as Additive

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