Abstract:The reactivity of clay minerals leached in grafting reactions was investigated. Precursor solids were prepared by treating the sodium vermiculites with nitric acid solutions at several concentrations. The lixiviation produced the restructured porous solids with surface area over a wide range, varying from 133 to 673 m 2 g -1 . The sodium and lixiviated vermiculites reacted covalently with silylating agent, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, to attach this agent onto the inorganic surface, through the free availabl… Show more
“…The 29 Si MAS NMR spectrum of the ligand grafted zeolite Y is shown in Figure 5 (figure 1c). This result is in good agreement with earlier studies on inorganicorganic hybrids between this ligand and vermiculite [34].…”
Surface-modified zeolite Y has been synthesised and studied for potential application as an adsorbent for the removal of metal cations from aqueous solutions. Zeolite Y was synthesised under hydrothermal conditions at 100 °C in an autoclave and characterised by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis to determine the chemical formula of the host material as Na54.91Al56Si136O384.246.5H2O. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) grafted zeolite Y was prepared by first preparing protonexchanged zeolite Y using an 0.1 M ammonium nitrate solution followed by calcination at 350 o C. The APTES ligand was then grafted onto the protonated zeolite using three different solvent media. CHN analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, SSNMR and TG analysis indicated that the ligand was bonded covalently to zeolite Y attaching onto the inorganic surface through the available silanol groups. CHN analysis showed that hexane was the most effective solvent for carrying out ligand grafting, as indicated by the highest proportion of carbon present in the product after removal of free solvent (5.08%). APTES grafted zeolite Y was exposed to aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of divalent nickel cations (0.01 M to 0.1 M). An increase to 73.8% Ni (II) removal compared to 18.1% uptake by the parent zeolite Y without any graft was observed when the concentration of nickel was 0.01 M. The selectivity study using a solution containing five different transition metal cations; Ni (II), V (IV), Cu (II), Zn (II), and Fe (II) to mimic the species most often observed in hydrotreatment extract from crude oil, showed proportional removals of 83.7%, 91.3%, 82.8%, 70.6% and 85.7% respectively. This study indicates that APTES modified zeolite Y could be a useful material for the removal of catalytic poisons in hydroprocessing solutions during the processing of heavier crude oils.
“…The 29 Si MAS NMR spectrum of the ligand grafted zeolite Y is shown in Figure 5 (figure 1c). This result is in good agreement with earlier studies on inorganicorganic hybrids between this ligand and vermiculite [34].…”
Surface-modified zeolite Y has been synthesised and studied for potential application as an adsorbent for the removal of metal cations from aqueous solutions. Zeolite Y was synthesised under hydrothermal conditions at 100 °C in an autoclave and characterised by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis to determine the chemical formula of the host material as Na54.91Al56Si136O384.246.5H2O. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) grafted zeolite Y was prepared by first preparing protonexchanged zeolite Y using an 0.1 M ammonium nitrate solution followed by calcination at 350 o C. The APTES ligand was then grafted onto the protonated zeolite using three different solvent media. CHN analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, SSNMR and TG analysis indicated that the ligand was bonded covalently to zeolite Y attaching onto the inorganic surface through the available silanol groups. CHN analysis showed that hexane was the most effective solvent for carrying out ligand grafting, as indicated by the highest proportion of carbon present in the product after removal of free solvent (5.08%). APTES grafted zeolite Y was exposed to aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of divalent nickel cations (0.01 M to 0.1 M). An increase to 73.8% Ni (II) removal compared to 18.1% uptake by the parent zeolite Y without any graft was observed when the concentration of nickel was 0.01 M. The selectivity study using a solution containing five different transition metal cations; Ni (II), V (IV), Cu (II), Zn (II), and Fe (II) to mimic the species most often observed in hydrotreatment extract from crude oil, showed proportional removals of 83.7%, 91.3%, 82.8%, 70.6% and 85.7% respectively. This study indicates that APTES modified zeolite Y could be a useful material for the removal of catalytic poisons in hydroprocessing solutions during the processing of heavier crude oils.
“…Esse processo pode estar relacionado a um ataque ácido da argila, uma vez que a solução Pechini possui uma elevada quantidade de ácido nítrico, utilizado para abertura do citrato de estanho. Esse comportamento já foi reportado em diferentes trabalhos, que descrevem o ataque ácido de argilas [24][25][26]. Entre esses trabalhos, destaca-se o que envolve a lixiviação da vermiculita por soluções de ácido nítrico em diferentes concentrações [24].…”
ResumoA versatilidade de materiais naturais como as argilas tem chamado a atenção para a sua aplicação em estudos científicos. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o enriquecimento dessas propriedades com a impregnação de SnO2 na superfície desse material, e seu comportamento como catalisador para a reação de transesterificação de óleo de soja. Para isso, uma bentonita foi selecionada, considerando os valores de capacidade de troca catiônica e teor de quartzo. A bentonita foi utilizada na forma pura e impregnada com SnO2 por dois métodos: solvotermal assistido por micro-ondas e Pechini modificado. Para avaliar a eficiência da impregnação, foram realizadas algumas caracterizações, como difração de raios X, adsorção de N2 e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, que mostraram uma melhor dispersão do SnO2no suporte utilizando o método Pechini modificado, o qual também apresentou melhor eficiência no teste catalítico para obtenção de biodiesel, reduzindo em 41,3% a viscosidade do óleo utilizado.
“…These three components had to be removed by water leaching to obtain pure montmorillonite. Vermiculite was obtained from the Paraiba region of Brazil occurring in Santa Luzia [34].…”
Two clay minerals of the similar 2 : 1 layer structure and chemical composition, vermiculite and montmorillonite, were studied using a wide spectrum of experimental methods in their original states and the magnetically modified states after mixing with microwave-synthesized iron oxide particles. This magnetic modification led to different microstructural morphology influencing magnetic behaviour at room and more pronounced at low temperatures.
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