Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Polymers for Information Technology: from Planar Technology to 3D Nanostructures

Abstract

Sol‐gel synthesis allows inorganic–organic hybrid polymer materials (ORMOCER®s) to be produced, which can be functionalized to tailor their physical and chemical properties such as refractive index or optical loss. A particular material system is discussed here, which is synthesized without addition of water and is applied in optical communications. As examples for 2D and 2.5D technology, planar waveguides, stacked waveguides, and microlenses are shown. Using two‐photon polymerization initiated by femtosecond laser pulses, arbitrary 3D structures can be made in the submicrometer range. In particular, 3D photonic crystal structures are described and discussed.

A covalent organic/inorganic hybrid proton exchange polymeric membrane: synthesis and characterization

“…1 H, 13 C and 29 Si NMR spectra were recorded with a Bruker Avance 400 spectrometer operating at 400.13, 100.56 and 79.49 MHz, respectively. DMSO-d 6 was used as solvent for 1 H spectra while 13 C and 29 Si NMR spectra were recorded in DMSO, using D 2 O as external lock and Ernst angle to minimize acquisition time.…”

“…DMSO-d 6 was used as solvent for 1 H spectra while 13 C and 29 Si NMR spectra were recorded in DMSO, using D 2 O as external lock and Ernst angle to minimize acquisition time. Chemical shifts (ppm) are referenced to tetramethylsilane (TMS).…”

“…The control at atomic level of the proper dosage and dispersion of the inorganic component can be reached via the preparation of Class II hybrids, where the organic and inorganic moieties are linked through covalent bonds. The peculiar macroscopic properties of hybrid materials derive by the synergic merge at the molecular scale of the component characteristics, leading to their increasing use for a variety of applications [8,13,14]. Two main types of hybrid materials can be individuated: inorganic/organic and organic/inorganic.…”

Optically Clear and Resilient Free-Form <em>&micro;</em>-Optics 3D-Printed via Ultrafast Laser Lithography

“…Lithography oriented hybrid organic-inorganic polymers emerged as great materials for fabrication of objects in both 2D and 3D configurations [1][2][3]. They are choice material for 3D femtosecond laser structuring due to several convenient features.…”

“…Additionally, their refractive index and mechanical properties can be tuned by changing proportion between organic and inorganic part [4]. This led to extensive research in this area and, to date, new hybrid materials containing Si [1], Zr [4] and Ge [10] were made for 3DLL.…”