Inorganic Nitrogen Uptake Characteristics of Three Typical Bloom-Forming Algae in the East China Sea

Abstract

Inorganic nitrogen (N) is an important element for eutrophication and harmful algal bloom (HAB) formation. However, the roles of inorganic N in HAB outbreaks are still unclear. Here, we compared the affinities and abilities for inorganic N uptake and assimilation among three typical bloom-forming algae in the East China Sea (ECS), Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Alexandrium pacificum by investigating the uptake and enzymatic (nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) kinetics for nitrate and ammonia. The Ks of nitrate and ammonium in S. costatum was lower than those in P. donghaiense and A. pacificum. The NR activity of S. costatum and P. donghaiense exhibited a positive relationship with the nitrate concentration, and NR activity of S. costatum was nearly 4-fold higher than that of P. donghaiense at high nitrate concentration. However, the NR activity of A. pacificum could not be detected. The GS activity of three species decreased with the increase of ammonium concentrations, and the highest GS activity was detected in A. pacificum. S. costatum presented the highest affinity for nitrate and ammonium, followed by P. donghaiense and A. pacificum. Moreover, P. donghaiense exhibited the highest affinity for intracellular ammonium. Our results characterized the differences in inorganic nitrogen uptake among the three typical bloom-forming algae, which may contribute to the formation of blooms in the coastal waters of the ECS.

Understanding the role of soil microbes and enzymes in regulating nitrogen dynamics: Promoting sustainable crop rotation systems

“…This divergence can be attributed to the transformation of AN nitrogen into AHN and NN during the nitri cation process. A greater disparity between AHN and NN leads to higher availability of nitrate nitrogen for translocation (Ding et al, 2022). Hohman et al (2020) reported enhanced NN content in soybean-corn rotation systems.…”