2012
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200032
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Inorganic Nanoparticles Based Contrast Agents for X‐ray Computed Tomography

Abstract: Nanomaterials have gained considerable attention and interest in the development of new and efficient molecular probes for medical diagnosis and imaging. Heavy metal nanoparticles as such are excellent absorber of X-rays and can offer excellent improvement in medical diagnosis and X-ray imaging. Substantial progress has been made in the synthesis protocol and characterization studies of these materials but a major challenge still lies in the toxicological studies, which are rather incomplete. The worst known c… Show more

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Cited by 154 publications
(121 citation statements)
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“…It has been a clinical tool for more than half a century and the first widespread clinical use of NPs as X-ray contrast agents in humans were 3 to 10-nm thorium dioxide nanoparticles [12,211]. However due to the long-term radiation effects and significant carcinogenicity of the 232 Th, its clinical application was rapidly given up.…”
Section: X-ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (Ct)mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It has been a clinical tool for more than half a century and the first widespread clinical use of NPs as X-ray contrast agents in humans were 3 to 10-nm thorium dioxide nanoparticles [12,211]. However due to the long-term radiation effects and significant carcinogenicity of the 232 Th, its clinical application was rapidly given up.…”
Section: X-ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (Ct)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Functionalization can also help addressing NPs toxicity aspects [12,354,358,465,468,493,494]. Indeed, properly protected NPs conjugated or coated with biocompatible materials can be used for the fabrication of various functional systems with multimodality as well as targeting properties, reduced toxicity and proper removal from the body.…”
Section: Reaction Typementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It has been a clinical tool for more than half a century, and the first widespread clinical use of NPs as X-ray CAs in humans were 3-to 10-nm thorium dioxide NPs [12,211] . However, due to the long-term radiation effects and significant carcinogenicity of the 232 Th, its clinical application was rapidly given up.…”
Section: X-ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (Ct)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Functionalization can also help in addressing NP toxicity aspects [12,354,358,465,468,493,494] . Indeed, properly protected NPs, conjugated or coated with biocompatible materials, can be used for the fabrication of various functional systems with multimodality as well as targeting properties, reduced toxicity, and proper removal from the body.…”
Section: Functionalizationmentioning
confidence: 99%