Inorganic impact modifier and processing aid for PVC

Gilbert, Marianne; Hitt, David; Schmaucks, G.; Friede, Bernd; Sørhuus, Anders; Roszinski, J.O.

doi:10.1179/174328905x55560

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…According to several studies,hydrogen bonding between the PVC and polyacrylate chains may also increase the toughness or impact strength of the PMA/PVC blend when the wt% of PMA is <8% [19,20]. In our study, the impact strength of the star-shaped PMA/PVC blend was highest when 1-1.2 wt% of the PMAwith medium and high molecular weight was blended with the PVC; the resulting impact strength was >30% higher than the impact strength of the PVC (Fig.…”

Section: Star-shaped Pmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of star-shaped poly(methyl acrylate) via ATRP and preliminary evaluation of its reinforcing properties for PVC

et al. 2012

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Star-shaped poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) was synthesized using tri(2-bromopropionate) glyceride as the initiator and methyl acrylate as the monomer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The structures of tri(2-bromopropionate) glyceride and PMA were characterized by IR, GC-MS, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR. The reinforcing effects of this star-shaped PMA on polyvinylchloride (PVC) in various PMA/PVC blends were evaluated. The results indicated that a blend containing 1% star-shaped PMA exhibits an 18% increase in the elastic modulus and a 10% increase in tensile strength compared to PVC. Moreover, the impact resistance of the blend was 30% higher than that for PVC. The blend also exhibited high thermal stability. SEM images showed that the star-shaped PMA and PVC are highly compatible when blended, which causes the enhanced elasticity of the blend.

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Section: Star-shaped Pmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of star-shaped poly(methyl acrylate) via ATRP and preliminary evaluation of its reinforcing properties for PVC

et al. 2012

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“…However, it cannot totally replace the traditional reinforcing materials, but works alongside these materials, without influencing the physical properties of the final compound. It has also been investigated as an impact modifier for rigid PVC [83][84][85]. Optimal dispersion of the silica as primary particles is essential, especially for impact strength improvements, and this needs to be achieved by incorporating it at an early stage of the mixing process, before any other fillers are added; see Fig.…”

Section: Inorganic Impact Modifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional PVC Additives

Schiller¹

2015

PVC Additives

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The lubricants, often also inaccurately referred to as waxes, are another important class of PVC additives. They may not compare volume wise to, for example, the fillers but are certainly in a class of their own with regard to functionality. Stabilizers and lubricants are not only applied jointly by using a stabilizer-lubricant one-pack. On one hand, there is virtually no PVC process or application that does not need lubricants. On the other hand, many stabilizers such as metal soaps (see also the section on metal soaps next and in Section 1.4.2) also have, in addition to their stabilizing rheological properties.Lubricants influence the following: the overall processing window, in general as well as in important detail, the plastification, and subsequently also, the mechanical properties of the extrudate, the wall-slipping behavior, the metal release in general, the torque during extrusion, the pressures during extrusion, the melt temperature, the melt viscosity, the melt homogeneity, the melt elasticity, to some degree the dynamic stability, the surface quality of the extrudate, the gloss, 2 Additional PVC Additives the plate-out behavior (see also Chapter 3), the die swell, and by that also the final dimensions of the extrudate the take-off tension needed to pull the profile or pipe through the calibration, and by that, the shrinkage the welding behavior, the incorporation and dispersion of inorganic/nonmelting components, e.g., filler, the glass transition temperature [1, 2] and by that the VICAT softening point and ductility, the density of the final product, the transparency of the final product, the extrusion output, and last but not least, the price of the final product.From the number and the complexity of influences it can be rightly concluded that, similar to the so-called butterfly effect for the weather [3], changes in the lubricant balance can not only have the intended effects, but also an unlimited number of unintended side effects which often cannot be predicted.Like stabilizers, lubricants cannot be characterized by a single, generally applicable chemical formula. Too various are the functions of individual lubricants, mainly in production but sometimes also affecting the final product. Because of this, also the chemistry behind lubricants is just as diverse.The definition of the term waxes by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft (DGF, German Association for Fat Sciences), commonly encountered in the literature, was initially conceived for the historically most important application, care products [4]. Nevertheless, it can also be used in many areas of the plastics industry. Accordingly, many lubricants can also be characterized by the following properties. A substance is called a wax, when it: can be kneaded at 20°C, is of solid to brittle hardness, has a coarse to microcrystalline structure, is translucent to opaque but not glass-like, melts above 40°C without decomposition, has a low melt viscosity only a few degrees above the melting temperature, has a strongly temperature dependent...

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“…Inorganic fillers, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), mica, talc, montmorillonite, glass fiber, carbon black, and silica, are widely used in polymer composites. They can improve properties, expand the application field, and lower the cost of polymer materials . In most applications, the amounts of inorganic fillers in the polymer matrix are less than 50 wt% .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization, and properties of polyethylene composites highly filled with calcium carbonate through co‐rotating conical twin‐screw extrusion

Zhang

et al. 2014

Vinyl Additive Technology

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A series of highly filled polyethylene (PE) composites in which the calcium carbonate content was as high as 50–75 wt% was prepared by co‐rotating conical twin‐screw extrusion (Co‐RCE). The effects of Co‐RCE processing and CaCO3 content on the morphology, structure, and properties were investigated in detail. The results indicated that the Co‐RCE processing improved the filler dispersion and thereby enhanced the melt processability of the blends. Observation by polarized light microscopy and analysis by differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction showed that the crystallinity of PE decreased with the increase of CaCO3 content. In comparison with neat PE, an increase of up to 20oC in onset weight loss temperature was observed in the CaCO3‐filled PE composites, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. Tensile tests indicated that the elongation at break of the highly CaCO3‐filled PE composites was much higher than that of the neat PE. Meanwhile, the highly filled composites still exhibited superior tensile strength. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 20:108–115, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Inorganic impact modifier and processing aid for PVC

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Synthesis of star-shaped poly(methyl acrylate) via ATRP and preliminary evaluation of its reinforcing properties for PVC

Synthesis of star-shaped poly(methyl acrylate) via ATRP and preliminary evaluation of its reinforcing properties for PVC

Additional PVC Additives

Preparation, characterization, and properties of polyethylene composites highly filled with calcium carbonate through co‐rotating conical twin‐screw extrusion

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