Inorganic elements in the adults of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)

Sood, M. L.; Kapur, Jyotika

doi:10.1017/s0022149x00006702

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The spermatozoa are elongated, narrow, smooth-walled and bluntly pointed at both ends. Mature spermatozoa are 5-7 fim long, non-flagellate and lack a typical acrosome (Sood & Walia, 1980). The structure and development of oogonia and oocytes have also been studied using light microscopy (Sood & Walia, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Development and Cytologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemonchus in India

Sood

1981

Parasitology

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SUMMARYHaemonchosis is an acute problem in India. Three species of Haemonchus occur. These are H. contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) which occurs in sheep, goat, cattle, buffalo and other ruminants; H. longistipes Railliet && Henry, 1909 occurring in camels and H. similis Travassos, 1941 in cattle. Seasonal fluctuation of H. contortus occurs, with infection being more frequent in autumn ≻ summer ≻ winter ≻ spring, and infection in sheep and goats has been reported to be 100 %. Various aspects of haemonchosis have been investigated. However, the fundamental and the most challenging areas in Haemonchus research remain almost untouched. In order to forecast the development of haemonchosis, epidemiological studies should be undertaken on the prevalence, distribution and seasonal incidence of the worm to understand the effects of climatological factors like rainfall, humidity and temperature. The sparse and inadequate studies of metabolism need to be extended to other areas of Haemonchus biochemistry to provide additional possibilities for exploration of hostparasite differences. Clinical haemonchosis in sheep, goats and other ruminants should be studied in order to calculate losses caused by mortality and the cost of anthelmintic medication. Most anthelmintics are expensive, and are not easily available to our farming community, therefore a search for many more indigenous anthelmintics (such as Wopell, Krimos, Sonex etc) must be made. Detailed knowledge of the mode of action and route of entry of anthelmintics at the molecular level could also be beneficial, particularly when the strains of H, contortus have been identified as resistant to some anthelmintics. The prospects of producing a vaccine against H. contortus should be explored. Attempts in this field have already been made by overseas workers (see Clegg && Smith, 1978) and in India too, work has been undertaken at Kerala (Sathianesan, personal communication). Therefore, because of its economic importance and wide distribution, H. contortus provides fascinating research material particularly in the warmer regions of the world.

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Section: Development and Cytologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemonchus in India

Sood

1981

Parasitology

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“…Relatively few studies have explored the chemical composition of nematode spicules, but unlike the calcareous spicules of other invertebrate phyla (Kingsley, 1984), those of nematodes are thought not to be comprised of calcium as their structural element. Instead, nematode spicules have been shown to consist of a sclerotized protein outer layer containing keratin and collagen, and protoplasmic inner layer with carbohydrates and lipids (Stringfellow, 1971;Clark and Shepherd, 1977;Sood and Kaur, 1983). Spicules are innervated and have sensory functions (Lee, 1973;Wang and Chen, 1985;Emmons, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of spicule length in Heligmosomoides spp. (Nematoda, Heligmosomidae): distinction between H. bakeri, H. polygyrus and H. glareoli

Musah-Eroje,

Burton,

Kerr

et al. 2023

Parasitology

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Nematode spicules play a vital role in the reproductive activity of species that possess them. Our primary objective was to compare the lengths of spicules of the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) – maintained isolate H. bakeri – with those of H. polygyrus from naturally infected wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). On a more limited scale, we also included H. glareoli from bank voles (Myodes glareolus), a species reputed to possess longer spicules than either of the 2 former species. In total, we measured 1264 spicules (H. bakeri, n = 614; H. polygyrus n = 582; and H. glareoli, n = 68). There was a highly significant difference between the spicule lengths of the Nottingham-maintained H. bakeri (mean = 0.518 mm) and H. polygyrus (0.598 mm) from 11 different localities across the British Isles. A comparison of the spicules of H. bakeri maintained in 4 different laboratories in 3 continents revealed a range in the mean values from 0.518 to 0.540 mm, while those of worms from Australian wild house mice were shorter (0.480 mm). Mean values for H. polygyrus from wood mice from the British Isles ranged from 0.564 to 0.635 mm, although isolates of this species from Norway had longer spicules (0.670 mm). In agreement with the literature, the spicules of H. glareoli were considerably longer (1.098 mm). Since spicules play a vital role in the reproduction of nematode species that possess them, the difference in spicule lengths between H. bakeri and H. polygyrus adds to the growing evidence that these 2 are quite distinct species and likely reproductively isolated.

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“…Though it is believed that inorganic elements play an important role in the physiology of parasites, information on the concentration of these elements in helminths is sporadic and inadequate (VON BRAND, 1973). More recently, elemental analysis of some helminths has been reported by SOOD & KAPUR (1980), NADAKAL & NAIR (1982), LAL & KUMAR (1985) and GOLDSMID (1986). As far as we know, a systematic study on the distribution of zinc in various tissues of parasitic helminths on a comparative basis has not been undertaken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of zinc in parasitic helminths

Chowdhury

Singh

1989

J. Helminthol.

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The distribution of zinc in representative groups of parasitic helminths was determined by the use of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of these analyses have shown that growing flukes (smaller forms) with active oogenesis and spermatogenesis contained more zinc than old (large) or very old adults with an empty uterus and large lobulated testes. In cestodes, the neck region and immature proglottids showed more zinc concentration than mature and gravid proglottids and fully grown cyst walls. Similarly, the youngest endogenous daughter cysts of Echinococcus granulosus contained more zinc in their walls than those of larger/older forms. Zinc was concentrated more in nematode eggs than in adult females.

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Inorganic elements in the adults of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)

Abstract: Inorganic substances play a significant role in the physiology of parasites and their importance, especially to gastro-intestinal parasites, is also demonstrated by the influence of mineral deficiencies in the host's diet (see Von Brand, 1966).

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Haemonchus in India

Haemonchus in India

Quantitative assessment of spicule length in Heligmosomoides spp. (Nematoda, Heligmosomidae): distinction between H. bakeri, H. polygyrus and H. glareoli

Distribution of zinc in parasitic helminths

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