Inorganic dielectric materials for energy storage applications: a review

Abstract

The intricacies in identifying the appropriate material system for energy storage applications have been the biggest struggle of the scientific community. Countless contributions by researchers worldwide have now helped us identify the possible snags and limitations associated with each material/method. This review intends to briefly discuss state of the art in energy storage applications of dielectric materials such as linear dielectrics, ferroelectrics, anti-ferroelectrics, and relaxor ferroelectrics. Based on the recent studies, we find that the eco-friendly lead-free dielectrics, which have been marked as inadequate to compete with lead-based systems, are excellent for energy applications. Moreover, some promising strategies to improve the functional properties of dielectric materials are discussed.

BS 0.5BNT-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramic/glass–ceramic composites for energy storage

“…The development of energy storage technology and power electronics industry pushes higher requirements for new energy storage materials [1][2][3]. Although energy storage units such as lithium-ion batteries and solid oxide fuel cells have high energy storage density, their power density is low [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Electrochemical supercapacitors have both high power density and energy storage density, but they are limited for pulsed power electronics by low operating voltage and low charge-discharge speed (a few seconds or even tens of seconds) [1-4, 6, 7].…”

“…[1-3, 6, 8-10]. Basically, lead-based relaxor ferroelectric and antiferroelectric materials, such as Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 and Pb0.99La0.01Nb0.02(Zr0.85Sn0.13Ti0.02)0.98O3, are considered as the preferred materials for the fabrication of high power density capacitors, but the toxicity of lead limits their further development [6,[10][11][12]. Therefore, it is imperative to develop environmentally friendly lead-free ceramics for dielectric energy storage applications [1-3, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14].…”

“…In this work, we firstly prepared BaO-SrO-Bi2O3-Na2O-TiO2-Al2O3-SiO2 (represented by GS) glass powder, and then fabricated (Ba0.3Sr0.7)0.5(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.5TiO3+xwt.%GS ceramic composites (abbreviated as BS0. x=0,2,6,10,14,16,18). Submicrocrystals/nanocrystals with a similar composition to BS0.5BNT were crystalized from the glass, ensuring the formation of uniform core-shell structure in BS0.5BNT-xGS relaxor ferroelectric ceramic/glass-ceramic composites.…”

(Mg1/3Ta2/3)4+ complex ion modified BNBST relaxor ferroelectric ceramics for energy storage applications

“…As an important part of pulsed power system, the performance of energy storage device is the key to the whole system. Therefore, finding energy storage devices with high energy storage density and high power density is the best way to improve pulsed power system [4][5][6][7] . At present, energy storage technology can be mainly divided into three categories, namely, dielectric capacitor, electrochemical capacitor and battery.…”

“…It is well known that antiferroelectric Pb-based materials with double hysteresis loops present high energy storage density. However, the toxic of Pb will cause serious environmental pollution and affect human health [4,5,13] . On the other hand, lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics exhibit the characteristics of large P max , low P r , and relatively high E b , which can realize high energy storage density, high efficiency and long cycle life, promising to replace the traditional Pb-based materials [2,5,7] .…”