Inorganic arsenic effects on human lymphocyte stimulation and proliferation

Differential effect of sodium arsenite during the activation of human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes

“…The earliest known events affected by NaAsO 2 are the alterations on CD69 and CD25 in both CD4 + and CD8 + reported in this paper, and a reduction in IL-2 production [29,30]. In addition, alteration in transcription factors [11,54], damage in cytoskeleton [29], overexpression of p53 [7,10] and finally, chromosomal aberrations [19,55] led to a reduction in proliferation of T cells. The effect of NaAsO 2 on very early activation events of T lymphocytes remains to be established.…”

“…Lymphocytes from donors chronically exposed to arsenic show alterations in the expression of several genes [27] and have a lower proliferation index compared to non-exposed subjects, when cells are activated with PHA [28]. This reduction is also observed when PBMC from non-exposed subjects are treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2 ) in vitro [19]. The reduction in proliferation is due, in part, to a delay in the production and secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) [29,30].…”

“…The effects of different arsenic compounds in cells of the immune system have also been studied and wide effects have been found depending on the cell type, concentration used and time of exposure [19]. In mouse cells, arsenic induces apoptosis [20], alters intracellular free calcium levels of activated T cells [21], reduces the phagocytic index of macrophages and reduces their capacity to release nitric oxide [22].…”

Invasive aspergillosis in association with criminal arsenic poisoning

“…Several experimental data suggest that arsenite is an immunotoxicant that affects both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. [16][17][18][19] Both herpes simplex and herpes zoster infections have been described after arsenic exposure. 20 Different mechanisms, including apoptosis and interaction with a variety of enzymes, seem to be involved.…”

Mechanisms and Immune Dysregulation in Arsenic Skin Carcinogenesis

“…Arsenic compounds at low concentrations enhanced DNA synthesis in PHA-stimulated proliferation of human lymphocytes, whereas arsenic at higher concentrations inhibited cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis [96,106,107]. As occurred in fibroblasts and CHO cells, arsenic has been shown to induce aneuploidy [108,109], sister chromatid changes [110][111][112], other chromosomal abnormalities [32] in lymphocytes.…”