Inoperable Left Renal Vein Leiomyosarcoma Refractory to Chemotherapy Invades Inferior Vena Cava and Right Atrium: A Case Report

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into a plethora of cell types. These differentiated cell types include osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes. Sarcomas occur secondary to malignant transformation of these mesenchymal, pluripotent stem cells. Involuntary smooth muscle is responsible for the make up of hollow organs and vasculature in our body and is regulated by our autonomic nervous system, hormones, as well as chemical and local mediators. Cancer involving smooth muscle cells is designated as leiomyosarcoma (LMS). LMS can arise from any location in the body where smooth muscle is present and is frequently reported in the abdomen and pelvis, as well as the trunk, extremities, and throughout the retroperitoneum.

A Contemporary Clinicopathologic Analysis of Primary Sarcomas of the Perinephric Soft Tissue and Hilar Vessels Including a Subset Secondarily Involving the Kidney

“…It is well-documented that sarcomas have a propensity to recur and metastasize portending a relatively poor prognosis. [1][2][3]5,7,11,19,[23][24][25] Eight of the 26 patients had documented recurrence and/or metastatic disease. Recurrence was exclusively seen in tumors presenting within the perinephric region, 6 liposarcomas and 1 leiomyosarcoma, at a mean interval of 22 months, while metastasis was seen only in the setting of grade 3 leiomyosarcoma, regardless of location.…”

“…3 Due to their rarity, little has been published specifically regarding sarcomas of the kidney and its supporting structures, with most of the literature consisting of case reports. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The aim of this study was to determine which sarcoma subtypes arise primarily within the perinephric soft tissue and renal hilar structures (ie not primary renal sarcomas), based on the data collected from our institution's cohort, as well as the clinical and pathologic characteristics of these tumors and their natural histories.…”

“…3 Due to their rarity, little has been published specifically regarding sarcomas of the kidney and its supporting structures, with most of the literature consisting of case reports. 5‐17…”